Problem 1502

1. Initial Setup and Infinite Version:
- Consider an infinite 3D grid of unit cubes, each with centers labeled by $\mathbb{Z}^3$.
- Initially, color all edges of all unit cubes white.
- We aim to show that for any closed non-self-intersecting polygon, we can select some edges to be black such that:
- Each distinguished face (intersected by the polygon) has an odd number of black edges.
- Each nondistinguished face has an even number of black edges.

2. Toggling Unit Squares:
- Any unit square with vertices at lattice points can be "toggled" by painting some edge black.
- It suffices to show that we can pick some lattice unit squares such that an edge is in an odd number of unit squares if and only if it is an edge of the polygon.

3. Induction on the Perimeter of the Polygon:
- Base Case: When the polygon has a perimeter of 4, it is a simple square, and it is straightforward to color the edges to satisfy the conditions.
- Inductive Step: Assume the statement holds for polygons with a perimeter of $>4$.

4. Identifying a Peaky Vertex:
- Traverse the polygon to find a "peaky" vertex, $b_1$, which has the highest $z$-coordinate.
- Travel from $b_1$ to $b_2$, then $b_3$, etc., until reaching a non-peaky vertex $c$.
- This forms a section of the polygon $ab_1b_2 \cdots b_k c$ that enters and leaves the region of highest $z$-coordinate $t$.

5. Constructing the Modified Polygon:
- Define $f(v)$ for a vertex $v$ with $z$-coordinate $t$ as the vertex with the same $x$ and $y$ coordinates but with $z$-coordinate $t-1$.
- For an edge $e = e_1 e_2$ with both endpoints having $z$-coordinate $t$, let $s(e)$ denote the unit square with vertices $e_1, e_2, f(e_1), f(e_2)$.
- Replace the section $ab_1b_2 \cdots b_k c$ with $a f(b_2) \cdots f(b_{k-1})c$.

6. Applying Induction:
- By induction, we can paint some edges black so that any face has an odd number of black edges if and only if it is intersected by this modified polygon.
- Toggle the colors of the edges corresponding to $s(b_1b_2), s(b_2b_3), \cdots, s(b_{k-1}b_k)$ to obtain a coloring of edges that completes the induction.

7. Conclusion:
- By induction, we have shown that the edges of the unit cubes can be colored in two colors such that each distinguished face has an odd number of edges of each color, while each nondistinguished face has an even number of edges of each color.

$\blacksquare$