Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 226 of 300 #1626 of 1964

Problem 1626

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.5 Multiple choice

Consider two solid spherical balls, one centered at (0,0,212)(0, 0, \frac{21}{2} ) with radius 66, and the other centered at (0,0,1)(0, 0, 1) with radius 92\frac 92 . How many points (x,y,z)(x, y, z) with only integer coordinates (lattice points) are there in the intersection of the
balls?

Pick one

Official solution

1. First, we need to determine the range of z z values for which the two spheres intersect. The first sphere is centered at (0,0,212) (0, 0, \frac{21}{2}) with radius 6, and the second sphere is centered at (0,0,1) (0, 0, 1) with radius 92 \frac{9}{2} .

2. The equation of the first sphere is:
x2+y2+(z212)262 x^2 + y^2 + \left(z - \frac{21}{2}\right)^2 \leq 6^2
The equation of the second sphere is:
x2+y2+(z1)2(92)2 x^2 + y^2 + (z - 1)^2 \leq \left(\frac{9}{2}\right)^2

3. To find the range of z z values, we need to consider the vertical distance between the centers of the spheres. The distance between the centers is:
2121=192 \left| \frac{21}{2} - 1 \right| = \frac{19}{2}

4. The sum of the radii of the two spheres is:
6+92=212 6 + \frac{9}{2} = \frac{21}{2}

5. Since the distance between the centers is less than the sum of the radii, the spheres intersect. The intersection occurs within the range of z z values where both spheres' equations are satisfied.

6. We need to find the range of z z values for which the intersection occurs. The intersection will be within the range:
2126z212+6 \frac{21}{2} - 6 \leq z \leq \frac{21}{2} + 6
Simplifying, we get:
92z332 \frac{9}{2} \leq z \leq \frac{33}{2}

7. Similarly, for the second sphere:
192z1+92 1 - \frac{9}{2} \leq z \leq 1 + \frac{9}{2}
Simplifying, we get:
72z112 -\frac{7}{2} \leq z \leq \frac{11}{2}

8. The intersection of these ranges is:
92z112 \frac{9}{2} \leq z \leq \frac{11}{2}
Since z z must be an integer, the only possible value is z=5 z = 5 .

9. Substituting z=5 z = 5 into the equations of the spheres, we get:
x2+y2+(5212)262 x^2 + y^2 + \left(5 - \frac{21}{2}\right)^2 \leq 6^2
Simplifying, we get:
x2+y2+(112)236 x^2 + y^2 + \left(-\frac{11}{2}\right)^2 \leq 36
x2+y2+121436 x^2 + y^2 + \frac{121}{4} \leq 36
x2+y2361214 x^2 + y^2 \leq 36 - \frac{121}{4}
x2+y214441214 x^2 + y^2 \leq \frac{144}{4} - \frac{121}{4}
x2+y2234 x^2 + y^2 \leq \frac{23}{4}

10. For the second sphere:
x2+y2+(51)2(92)2 x^2 + y^2 + (5 - 1)^2 \leq \left(\frac{9}{2}\right)^2
Simplifying, we get:
x2+y2+42814 x^2 + y^2 + 4^2 \leq \frac{81}{4}
x2+y2+16814 x^2 + y^2 + 16 \leq \frac{81}{4}
x2+y281416 x^2 + y^2 \leq \frac{81}{4} - 16
x2+y2814644 x^2 + y^2 \leq \frac{81}{4} - \frac{64}{4}
x2+y2174 x^2 + y^2 \leq \frac{17}{4}

11. Notice that all (x,y)(x, y) satisfying the second inequality also satisfy the first one. Therefore, we need to find all the lattice points that satisfy x2+y2174 x^2 + y^2 \leq \frac{17}{4} .

12. The possible integer solutions for x x and y y are:
(2,0),(2,0),(0,2),(0,2),(1,1),(1,1),(1,1),(1,1),(1,0),(1,0),(0,1),(0,1),(0,0) (-2, 0), (2, 0), (0, -2), (0, 2), (-1, -1), (1, -1), (-1, 1), (1, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1), (0, 0)

13. Each of these pairs corresponds to a point (x,y,z)(x, y, z) with z=5 z = 5 .

Conclusion:
There are 13 lattice points in the intersection of the two spheres.

The final answer is 13\boxed{13}

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.