Let Γ be a circle centered at O with chord AB. The tangents to Γ at A and B meet at C. A secant from C intersects chord AB at D and Γ at E such that D lies on segment CE. Given that ∠BOD+∠EAD=180∘, AE=1, and BE=2, find CE.
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Official solution
1. Identify the given conditions and setup the problem: - Circle Γ is centered at O. - Chord AB with tangents at A and B meeting at C. - Secant from C intersects AB at D and Γ at E such that D lies on segment CE. - Given: ∠BOD+∠EAD=180∘, AE=1, and BE=2.
2. Analyze the given angle condition: - ∠BOD+∠EAD=180∘ implies ∠BOD+∠EAB=180∘. - This means ∠BOD=180∘−∠EAB. - Since ∠EAB is an inscribed angle, ∠EAB=2\overarcEAB. - Therefore, ∠BOD=180∘−2\overarcEAB=2∠BOE. - This implies that line OD bisects ∠BOE.
3. Use the perpendicular bisector property: - Since O is the center of Γ, OD is the perpendicular bisector of BE. - By the perpendicularity lemma, BD=ED.
4. Establish congruency and harmonic division: - By ASA congruency, △BFD≅△EAD. - Thus, BF=EA=1. - The tangents at A and B intersect at C on the extension of EF. - By harmonic division lemma, cyclic quadrilateral AEBF is harmonic, i.e., (AB;EF)=−1. - Therefore, EBEA÷FBFA=−1. - Given EA=1 and EB=2, we have 21÷1FA=−1, leading to FA=21.
5. Apply Ptolemy's theorem: - Since AEBF is an isosceles trapezoid, by Ptolemy's theorem: AF⋅BE+AE⋅BF=EF⋅AB - Substituting the known values: (21)⋅2+1⋅1=EF2 - Simplifying, we get: 1+1=EF2⟹EF2=2⟹EF=2
6. Use the Law of Cosines: - Let CF=x. By the Law of Cosines on △ACF: AC2=x2+(21)2−2(21)xcos(∠AFC) - We know cos(∠AFC)=−cos(∠AFE). - By the Law of Cosines on △AFE: 1=(21)2+2−2cos(∠AFE) - Solving for cos(∠AFE): 1=41+2−2cos(∠AFE)⟹cos(∠AFE)=852 - Thus, cos(∠AFC)=−852. - Plugging back in: AC2=x2+41+852x
7. Apply the Power of a Point theorem: - By the Power of a Point theorem: AC2=CF⋅CE⟹x2+41+852x=x(x+2) - Simplifying: x2+41+852x=x2+x2 - Solving for x: 832x=41⟹x=32=CF - Therefore, CE=CF+FE=32+2=342.
The final answer is 342.
Source: NuminaMath-1.5,
licensed Apache-2.0.
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