Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 5 / 255 of 400 #855 of 1964

Problem 855

AIME late
Number theory Difficulty 5.6 Find the answer

4. (20 points) Given that the sum of two positive integers is 432, and the sum of the least common multiple (LCM) and the greatest common divisor (GCD) of these two positive integers is 7776. What is the product of these two positive integers?

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Official solution

【Analysis】This problem involves the sum of divisors and multiples, not the product. Therefore, they need to be represented separately. List the equation relationships. Let A=aN,B=bNA=a N, B=b N, i.e., aN+bN=432,N+abN=7776a N+b N=432, \mathbf{N}+a b N=7776. Both equations contain NN, which can be canceled out to find the relationship between aa and bb. Determine the specific values based on the requirement that all numbers are positive integers.

【Solution】Solution: Let the two positive integers be A,BA, B. Their common divisor is N.A=aN,B=bNN. A=a N, B=b N. (a,b(a, b are coprime) The least common multiple is abNa b N.
aN+bN=N(a+b)=432a N+b N=N(a+b)=432, factorize 432=24×33432=2^{4} \times 3^{3}
N+abN=N(ab+1)=7776\mathbf{N}+a b N=N(a b+1)=7776, factorize 7776=25×357776=2^{5} \times 3^{5}
N(a+b)N(ab+1)=4327776\frac{\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{a}+\mathrm{b})}{\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{ab}+1)}=\frac{432}{7776}, solving gives ab+1=18(a+b)a b+1=18(a+b),
Rearranging gives:
b=18a1a18=18(a18)+323a18=18+323a18, b=\frac{18 a-1}{a-18}=\frac{18(a-18)+323}{a-18}=18+\frac{323}{a-18},
a,b\because a, b are integers, 323a18\therefore \frac{323}{a-18} is an integer, so a18a-18 must be a divisor of 323.
323=17×19, 323=17 \times 19,

When a18=17a-18=17, b=18+19=37,a=35b=18+19=37, a=35,
When a18=19a-18=19, b=18+18=35,b=37b=18+18=35, b=37,
ab=35×37=1295,N(1295+1)=7776,N=6,AB=abN2=1295×36=46620, \begin{array}{l} \therefore a b=35 \times 37=1295, \\ N(1295+1)=7776, \\ N=6, \\ A B=a b N^{2}=1295 \times 36=46620, \end{array}

In conclusion, the answer is: 46620.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.