Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 223 of 400 #1223 of 1964

Problem 1223

National olympiad, first round
Number theory Difficulty 6.4 Find the answer

p,q,rp, q, r are distinct prime numbers which satisfy
2pqr+50pq=7pqr+55pr=8pqr+12qr=A2pqr + 50pq = 7pqr + 55pr = 8pqr + 12qr = A
for natural number AA. Find all values of AA.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Official solution

Given the equations:
2pqr+50pq=7pqr+55pr=8pqr+12qr=A 2pqr + 50pq = 7pqr + 55pr = 8pqr + 12qr = A

We need to find the value of AA for distinct prime numbers p,q,rp, q, r.

1. Equating the first two expressions:
2pqr+50pq=7pqr+55pr 2pqr + 50pq = 7pqr + 55pr
Subtract 2pqr2pqr from both sides:
50pq=5pqr+55pr 50pq = 5pqr + 55pr
Divide both sides by 5p5p:
10q=qr+11r 10q = qr + 11r
Rearrange to isolate rr:
10q=r(q+11) 10q = r(q + 11)
r=10qq+11 r = \frac{10q}{q + 11}

2. Equating the first and third expressions:
2pqr+50pq=8pqr+12qr 2pqr + 50pq = 8pqr + 12qr
Subtract 2pqr2pqr from both sides:
50pq=6pqr+12qr 50pq = 6pqr + 12qr
Divide both sides by 2q2q:
25p=3pr+6r 25p = 3pr + 6r
Rearrange to isolate rr:
25p=3r(p+2) 25p = 3r(p + 2)
r=25p3(p+2) r = \frac{25p}{3(p + 2)}

3. **Equating the two expressions for rr:**
10qq+11=25p3(p+2) \frac{10q}{q + 11} = \frac{25p}{3(p + 2)}
Cross-multiply to solve for pp and qq:
30q(p+2)=25p(q+11) 30q(p + 2) = 25p(q + 11)
30pq+60q=25pq+275p 30pq + 60q = 25pq + 275p
Subtract 25pq25pq from both sides:
5pq+60q=275p 5pq + 60q = 275p
Rearrange to isolate pp:
5pq275p=60q 5pq - 275p = -60q
Factor out common terms:
p(5q275)=60q p(5q - 275) = -60q
p=60q5q275 p = \frac{-60q}{5q - 275}

4. **Solving for pp and qq:**
Since pp and qq are prime numbers, we need to find values that satisfy the equation:
p=60q5q275 p = \frac{-60q}{5q - 275}
Simplify the denominator:
p=60q5(q55) p = \frac{-60q}{5(q - 55)}
p=12qq55 p = \frac{-12q}{q - 55}

For pp to be a prime number, the numerator must be divisible by the denominator. Testing small prime values for qq:
- If q=11q = 11:
p=12111155=13244=3 p = \frac{-12 \cdot 11}{11 - 55} = \frac{-132}{-44} = 3
p=3p = 3 is a prime number.

- If p=3p = 3 and q=11q = 11, solve for rr:
r=101111+11=11022=5 r = \frac{10 \cdot 11}{11 + 11} = \frac{110}{22} = 5
r=5r = 5 is a prime number.

5. **Finding AA:**
Substitute p=3p = 3, q=11q = 11, and r=5r = 5 into the original equation:
A=2pqr+50pq A = 2pqr + 50pq
A=23115+50311 A = 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 11 \cdot 5 + 50 \cdot 3 \cdot 11
A=330+1650 A = 330 + 1650
A=1980 A = 1980

The final answer is 1980\boxed{1980}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.