Question 94, Given planar vectors a,b,c satisfy ∣a∣=2∣b∣=∣c∣=1, a⋅b=1, try to find the range of c+2a+21∣c−b∣.
A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.
Official solution
Question 94, Solution: As shown in the figure, establish a plane with 0 as the origin. Let OA=a,OB=b,OC=C. According to the conditions, A and C are both on the unit circle centered at 0, ∣OB∣=2, and ∠BOA=60∘. Extend AO to intersect ⊙0 at D, and take the midpoint of OD as E, then c+2a=∣EC∣. On OB, take point F such that ∣OF∣=21, then ∣OC∣OF∣=∣OB∣∣OC∣=21, hence △OCF∼△OBC, so 21∣c−b∣=2∣BC∣=∣FC∣. Therefore, we know: c+2a+21∣c−b∣=∣EC∣+∣FC∣ (1) First, find the minimum value. In fact, according to Ptolemy's theorem: ∣EC∣⋅∣OF∣+∣FC∣⋅∣OE∣≥∣EF∣⋅∣OC∣⇒∣EC∣+∣FC∣≥3
Equality holds if and only if ∠COD=60∘. (2) Next, find the maximum value. In fact, (∣EC∣+∣FC∣)2≤2(∣EC∣2+∣FC∣2)=2[(OC2+OE2−2OC⋅OE⋅cos∠COE)+(OC2+OF2−2OC⋅OF⋅cos∠COF)]=2(2+21−cos∠COE−cos∠COF)≤2(2+21+2cos2∠BOD)=7
Thus, ∣EC∣+∣FC∣≤7, equality holds if and only if ∠COD=∠COB=120∘.
Source: NuminaMath-1.5,
licensed Apache-2.0.
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