Determine whether there exists positive integers such that all sums , where 1 , are unique, and among those sums, there are consecutive integers.
Problem 1311
Official solution
1. Define the problem in terms of "good" integers:
We say that a positive integer is good if there exist positive integers such that the sums for are pairwise distinct, and among those sums, there are consecutive integers.
2. Base case:
Clearly, is good. For instance, if we take and , then the sum is a single sum, which is trivially consecutive.
3. Inductive step:
Suppose is good. This means there exist positive integers such that the sums for include consecutive integers, say .
4. **Case 1: is among the sums:**
If is already among the sums, then we have consecutive integers, and thus is good.
5. **Case 2: is not among the sums:**
If is not among the sums, we need to construct a new set of integers such that the sums include .
Consider the integers:
where is a sufficiently large positive integer that ensures all sums are pairwise distinct.
6. **Ensuring is positive:**
To ensure is positive, we can add a large integer to all . This does not affect the pairwise distinctness of the sums but shifts all sums by . Thus, we can always choose such that .
7. Conclusion:
By the inductive step, if is good, then is good. Since is good, by induction, every positive integer is good. Therefore, is good.