Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 3 / 225 of 260 #225 of 2000

Problem 225

AMC 10/12, early questions
Geometry Difficulty 3.8 Find the answer

In ABC\triangle ABC, the sides opposite to angles AA, BB, and CC are denoted as aa, bb, and cc respectively, and it satisfies 2bsin(C+π6)=a+c2b\sin \left(C+ \frac {\pi}{6}\right)=a+c.
(I) Find the magnitude of angle BB;
(II) If point MM is the midpoint of BCBC, and AM=AC=2AM=AC=2, find the value of aa.

Official solution

Solution:
(I) Since 2bsin(C+π6)=a+c2b\sin \left(C+ \frac {\pi}{6}\right)=a+c,
b(3sinC+cosC)=a+c\therefore b( \sqrt {3}\sin C+\cos C)=a+c, which means 3bsinC+bcosC=a+c\sqrt {3}b\sin C+b\cos C=a+c,
3sinBsinC+sinBcosC=sinA+sinC=sin(B+C)+sinC=sinBcosC+cosBsinC+sinC\therefore \sqrt {3}\sin B\sin C+\sin B\cos C=\sin A+\sin C=\sin (B+C)+\sin C=\sin B\cos C+\cos B\sin C+\sin C
3sinBsinC=cosBsinC+sinC\therefore \sqrt {3}\sin B\sin C=\cos B\sin C+\sin C,
Since sinC0\sin C\neq 0,
3sinB=cosB+1\therefore \sqrt {3}\sin B=\cos B+1,
Squaring both sides gives: 3sin2B=cos2B+1+2cosB3\sin ^{2}B=\cos ^{2}B+1+2\cos B,
2cos2B+cosB1=0\therefore 2\cos ^{2}B+\cos B-1=0,
Solving this, we get cosB=12\cos B= \frac {1}{2} or 1-1,
Since 0<B<π0 < B < \pi,
B=π3\therefore B= \frac {\pi}{3}. So, the magnitude of angle BB is π3\boxed{\frac {\pi}{3}}.
(II) BM=CM=a2BM=CM= \frac {a}{2},
In ABC\triangle ABC, by the cosine rule, we have: cosB=a2+c2b22ac=12\cos B= \frac {a^{2}+c^{2}-b^{2}}{2ac}= \frac {1}{2}, which means (a2+c242ac=12)\left( \frac {a^{2}+c^{2}-4}{2ac}= \frac {1}{2}\right), a2+c24=ac\therefore a^{2}+c^{2}-4=ac,
In ABM\triangle ABM, by the cosine rule, we have: cosB=BM2+AB2AM22BMAB=12\cos B= \frac {BM^{2}+AB^{2}-AM^{2}}{2BM\cdot AB}= \frac {1}{2}, which means (a24+c24ac=12)\left( \frac { \frac {a^{2}}{4}+c^{2}-4}{ac}= \frac {1}{2}\right), a24+c24=12ac\therefore \frac {a^{2}}{4}+c^{2}-4= \frac {1}{2}ac.
\therefore By solving the system of equations {a2+c24=aca24+c24=ac2\begin{cases} a^{2}+c^{2}-4=ac \\ \frac {a^{2}}{4}+c^{2}-4= \frac {ac}{2}\end{cases}, we get a=477a= \frac {4 \sqrt {7}}{7}. So, the value of aa is 477\boxed{\frac {4 \sqrt {7}}{7}}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.