Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 83 of 300 #1483 of 1964

Problem 1483

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.1 Prove it

Given trapezoid ABCDABCD (ADBCAD\parallel BC) with ADABAD \perp AB and T=ACBDT=AC\cap BD. A circle centered at point OO is inscribed in the trapezoid and touches the side CDCD at point QQ. Let PP be the intersection point (different from QQ) of the side CDCD and the circle passing through T,QT,Q and OO. Prove that TPADTP \parallel AD.

I. Voronovich

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

1. Identify the key points and properties:
- Given trapezoid ABCDABCD with ADBCAD \parallel BC and ADABAD \perp AB.
- TT is the intersection of diagonals ACAC and BDBD.
- A circle centered at OO is inscribed in the trapezoid and touches CDCD at point QQ.
- PP is the intersection point (different from QQ) of the side CDCD and the circle passing through T,QT, Q, and OO.

2. Define the contact points:
- Let EE and FF be the contact points of the circle with lines ADAD and BCBC respectively.

3. **Collinearity of E,O,FE, O, F:**
- Since DAB=ABC=90\angle DAB = \angle ABC = 90^\circ, it is easy to see that E,O,FE, O, F are collinear. This is because the tangents from a point to a circle are equal, and the perpendiculars from the points of tangency to the center of the circle are radii of the circle.

4. Application of Brianchon's Theorem:
- By Brianchon's theorem in the hexagon AEDCFBAEDCFB, the diagonals AE,CF,BDAE, CF, BD must be concurrent. Since TT is the intersection of ACAC and BDBD, and E,O,FE, O, F are collinear, it follows that E,T,O,FE, T, O, F are all on the same line.

5. Perpendicularity and angles:
- Since OQOQ is the radius of the circle and touches CDCD at QQ, OQCDOQ \perp CD.
- Therefore, OQP=90\angle OQP = 90^\circ.

6. Angle relationships:
- Since PP lies on the circle passing through T,QT, Q, and OO, OTP=90\angle OTP = 90^\circ.
- Also, OED=90\angle OED = 90^\circ because OQOQ is perpendicular to CDCD.

7. Conclusion:
- Since OTP=OED=90\angle OTP = \angle OED = 90^\circ, it follows that TPADTP \parallel AD.

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.