Olympiad Maths Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 296 of 400 #1296 of 2000

Problem 1296

National olympiad, first round
Combinatorics Difficulty 6.6 Find the answer

If in a 33-digit number we replace with each other it's last two digits, and add the resulting number to the starting one, we find sum a 44-digit number that starts with 173173. Which is the starting number?

Official solution

1. Let the original 3-digit number be represented as abc\overline{abc}, where aa, bb, and cc are its digits. This can be expressed as 100a+10b+c100a + 10b + c.
2. When we swap the last two digits, the number becomes acb\overline{acb}, which can be expressed as 100a+10c+b100a + 10c + b.
3. According to the problem, the sum of these two numbers is a 4-digit number starting with 173. Therefore, we have:
abc+acb=(100a+10b+c)+(100a+10c+b)=200a+11b+11c \overline{abc} + \overline{acb} = (100a + 10b + c) + (100a + 10c + b) = 200a + 11b + 11c
4. The resulting number is a 4-digit number starting with 173, so:
1730200a+11(b+c)1739 1730 \leq 200a + 11(b + c) \leq 1739
5. To find the value of aa, we solve for aa:
1730200a+11(b+c)1739 1730 \leq 200a + 11(b + c) \leq 1739
Dividing the entire inequality by 200:
8.65a+11(b+c)2008.695 8.65 \leq a + \frac{11(b + c)}{200} \leq 8.695
Since aa must be an integer, the only possible value for aa is 8.
6. Substituting a=8a = 8 back into the inequality:
17301600+11(b+c)1739 1730 \leq 1600 + 11(b + c) \leq 1739
Simplifying:
13011(b+c)139 130 \leq 11(b + c) \leq 139
7. Dividing the entire inequality by 11:
11.818b+c12.636 11.818 \leq b + c \leq 12.636
Since b+cb + c must be an integer, the only possible value for b+cb + c is 12.
8. Therefore, the digits bb and cc must sum to 12. There are several pairs of digits (b,c)(b, c) that satisfy this condition, such as (3,9)(3, 9), (4,8)(4, 8), (5,7)(5, 7), (6,6)(6, 6), (7,5)(7, 5), (8,4)(8, 4), and (9,3)(9, 3).

The final answer is 1732\boxed{1732}.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.