Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 127 of 300 #1527 of 1964

Problem 1527

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.2 Find the answer

Let ABC\triangle{ABC} be a triangle with AB=10AB = 10 and AC=11AC = 11. Let II be the center of the inscribed circle of ABC\triangle{ABC}. If MM is the midpoint of AIAI such that BM=BCBM = BC and CM=7CM = 7, then BCBC can be expressed in the form abc\frac{\sqrt{a}-b}{c} where aa, bb, and cc are positive integers. Find a+b+ca+b+c.

Note that this problem is null because a diagram is impossible.

Proposed by Andy Xu

A number or a short expression. Spacing, $ signs and \frac vs / are all fine.

Official solution

1. Given Information and Setup:
- We are given a triangle ABC \triangle ABC with AB=10 AB = 10 and AC=11 AC = 11 .
- I I is the incenter of ABC \triangle ABC .
- M M is the midpoint of AI AI .
- We are given that BM=BC BM = BC and CM=7 CM = 7 .

2. Using the Given Conditions:
- We need to find BC BC in the form abc \frac{\sqrt{a} - b}{c} where a a , b b , and c c are positive integers.
- We start by using the given conditions to set up the equation involving BC BC .

3. Using the Distance Formula:
- We use the distance formula and properties of the triangle to derive the necessary equations.
- We know that BM=BC BM = BC and CM=7 CM = 7 .

4. Deriving the Equation:
- We use the formula 2(BM2CM2)=AB2AC2+BI2CI2 2(BM^2 - CM^2) = AB^2 - AC^2 + BI^2 - CI^2 .
- Substituting the given values, we get:
2BC298=100121+(s11)2(s10)2 2BC^2 - 98 = 100 - 121 + (s - 11)^2 - (s - 10)^2
- Simplifying the right-hand side:
2BC298=21+(s222s+121)(s220s+100) 2BC^2 - 98 = -21 + (s^2 - 22s + 121) - (s^2 - 20s + 100)
2BC298=21+s222s+121s2+20s100 2BC^2 - 98 = -21 + s^2 - 22s + 121 - s^2 + 20s - 100
2BC298=212s+21 2BC^2 - 98 = -21 - 2s + 21
2BC298=2s 2BC^2 - 98 = -2s

5. **Solving for BC BC :**
- We know that s s is the semi-perimeter of ABC \triangle ABC , so:
s=AB+AC+BC2 s = \frac{AB + AC + BC}{2}
- Substituting s s into the equation:
2BC298=BC21 2BC^2 - 98 = -BC - 21
2BC2+BC77=0 2BC^2 + BC - 77 = 0

6. Solving the Quadratic Equation:
- We solve the quadratic equation 2BC2+BC77=0 2BC^2 + BC - 77 = 0 using the quadratic formula BC=b±b24ac2a BC = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} :
BC=1±1242(77)22 BC = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{1^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot (-77)}}{2 \cdot 2}
BC=1±1+6164 BC = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{1 + 616}}{4}
BC=1±6174 BC = \frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{617}}{4}
- Since BC BC must be positive, we take the positive root:
BC=61714 BC = \frac{\sqrt{617} - 1}{4}

7. **Identifying a a , b b , and c c :**
- From the expression 61714 \frac{\sqrt{617} - 1}{4} , we identify a=617 a = 617 , b=1 b = 1 , and c=4 c = 4 .

8. **Summing a a , b b , and c c :**
- Therefore, a+b+c=617+1+4=622 a + b + c = 617 + 1 + 4 = 622 .

The final answer is 622 \boxed{622} .

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.