Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 497

AMC 10/12, early questions
Number theory Difficulty 3.0 Find the answer CEMC Cayley

For how many pairs (m,n)(m, n) with mm and nn integers satisfying 1m1001 \leq m \leq 100 and 101n205101 \leq n \leq 205 is 3m+7n3^{m}+7^{n} divisible by 10?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

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Official solution

The units digits of powers of 3 cycle 3,9,7,13,9,7,1 and the units digits of powers of 7 cycle 7,9,3,17,9,3,1. For 3m+7n3^{m}+7^{n} to be divisible by 10, one of the following must be true: units digit of 3m3^{m} is 3 and 7n7^{n} is 7, or 9 and 1, or 7 and 3, or 1 and 9. The number of possible pairs (m,n)(m, n) is 27×25+26×25+26×25+26×25=262527 \times 25+26 \times 25+26 \times 25+26 \times 25=2625.

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.