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Problem 1035

AMC 12 late, AIME early
Number theory Difficulty 4.9 Find the answer HMMT November

Find the number of ordered triples of divisors (d1,d2,d3)(d_{1}, d_{2}, d_{3}) of 360 such that d1d2d3d_{1} d_{2} d_{3} is also a divisor of 360.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

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Official solution

Since 360=23325360=2^{3} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 5, the only possible prime divisors of did_{i} are 2,3 , and 5 , so we can write di=2ai3bi5cid_{i}=2^{a_{i}} \cdot 3^{b_{i}} \cdot 5^{c_{i}}, for nonnegative integers ai,bia_{i}, b_{i}, and cic_{i}. Then, d1d2d3360d_{1} d_{2} d_{3} \mid 360 if and only if the following three inequalities hold. a1+a2+a33b1+b2+b32c1+c2+c31\begin{aligned} a_{1}+a_{2}+a_{3} & \leq 3 \\ b_{1}+b_{2}+b_{3} & \leq 2 \\ c_{1}+c_{2}+c_{3} & \leq 1 \end{aligned} Now, one can count that there are 20 assignments of aia_{i} that satisfy the first inequality, 10 assignments of bib_{i} that satisfy the second inequality, and 4 assignments of cic_{i} that satisfy the third inequality, for a total of 800 ordered triples (d1,d2,d3)(d_{1}, d_{2}, d_{3}).

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.