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Geometry Difficulty 2.1 Junior Prove it Canada

A five-digit integer is made using each of the digits 1,3,5,7,91,3,5,7,9. The integer is greater than 80 000 and less than 92 000. The units (ones) digit is 3. The hundreds and tens digits, in that order, form a two-digit integer that is divisible by 5. What is the five-digit integer?

Consider triangle ABCABC. Point DD is on ACAC so that BDBD is perpendicular to ACAC. Also, AB=13AB=13, BC=122BC=12\sqrt{2} and BD=12BD=12. What is the length of ACAC?

Figure 0

In the diagram, square OABCOABC has side length 6. The line with equation y=2xy=2x intersects CBCB at DD. Determine the area of the shaded region ODBAODBA.

Figure 1

Solution

Suppose that the five-digit integer has digits abcdeabcde.

The digits a,b,c,d,ea,b,c,d,e are 1,3,5,7,91,3,5,7,9 in some order.

Since abcdeabcde is greater than 80 000, then a8a\geq 8, which means that a=9a=9.

Since 9bcde9bcde is less than 9200092\,000, then b lt;2\text{b lt;2}, which means that b=1b=1.

Since 91cde91cde has units (ones) digit 3, then e=3e=3.

So far, the integer is 91cd391cd3, which means that cc and dd are 55 and 77 in some order.

Since the two-digit integer cdcd is divisible by 5, then it must be 7575.

This means that the the five-digit integer is 9175391753.
By the Pythagorean Theorem in ADB\triangle ADB, AD2=AB2BD2=132122=169144=25AD^2 = AB^2 - BD^2 = 13^2 - 12^2 = 169-144 = 25 Since AD gt;0\text{AD gt;0}, then AD=25=5AD = \sqrt{25}=5.

By the Pythagorean Theorem in CDB\triangle CDB, CD2=BC2BD2=(122)2122=122(2)122=122CD^2 = BC^2 - BD^2 = (12\sqrt{2})^2 - 12^2 = 12^2(2) - 12^2 = 12^2 Since CD gt; 0\text{CD gt; 0}, then CD=12CD=12.

Therefore, AC=AD+DC=5+12=17AC=AD+DC=5+12=17.
Solution 1

The area of the shaded region equals the area of square OABCOABC minus the area of OCD\triangle OCD.

Since square OABCOABC has side length 6, then its area is 626^2 or 3636.

Also, OC=6OC=6.

Since the equation of the line is y=2xy=2x, then its slope is 22.

Since the slope of the line is 22, then OCCD=2\dfrac{OC}{CD}=2.

Since OC=6OC=6, then CD=3CD=3.

Thus, the area of OCD\triangle OCD is 12(OC)(CD)=12(6)(3)=9\frac{1}{2}(OC)(CD) = \frac{1}{2}(6)(3)=9.

Finally, the area of shaded region must be 369=2736 - 9 = 27.

Solution 2

Since square OABCOABC has side length 66, then OA=AB=CB=OC=6OA=AB=CB=OC=6.

Since the slope of the line is 22, then OCCD=2\dfrac{OC}{CD}=2.

Since OC=6OC=6, then CD=3CD=3.

Since CB=6CB=6 and CD=3CD=3, then DB=CBCD=3DB=CB-CD=3.

The shaded region is a trapezoid with parallel sides DB=3DB=3 and OA=6OA=6 and height AB=6AB=6.

Therefore, the area of the shaded region is 12(DB+OA)(AB)=12(3+6)(6)=27\frac{1}{2}(DB+OA)(AB) = \frac{1}{2}(3+6)(6)=27.

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