Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 2.6 Junior Find the answer Canada

Let 0.ABC0.ABC represent a
decimal number. When 0.ABC0.ABC is
rounded to the nearest tenth, the result is 0.0240.024 greater than 0.ABC0.ABC. What is the value of B+CB+C?

Pick one

Solution

We begin by determining the values of the digits BB and CC when A<9A<9. At the end of the solution we
will show that the values of BB and
CC are the same when A=9A=9.

Suppose that when A<9A<9, the value
of 0.ABC0.ABC rounded to the nearest
tenth is 0.T000.T00.

Since 0.T000.T00 is 0.0240.024 greater than 0.ABC0.ABC, then 0.ABC+0.024=0.T000.ABC+0.024=0.T00.

The thousandths digit of 0.T000.T00 is
0, and so the sum of the thousandths digits, CC and 44, ends in 00. Since CC is at most 99, then C+4=10C+4=10, and so C=6C=6.

In this case, the 'carry' from the thousandths column to the hundredths
column is 11.

The hundredths digit of 0.T000.T00 is
00, and so the sum of the hundredths
digits, BB and 22, added to the carry of 11, ends in 00. Since BB is at most 99, then B+2+1=10B+2+1=10, and so B=7B=7.

In this case, the carry from the hundredths column to the tenths column
is 11, and so T=A+1T=A+1.

For any choice of the non-negative digit AA, where A<9A<9, 0.A76+0.024=0.T000.A76+0.024=0.T00 where T=A+1T=A+1.

As examples, 0.876+0.024=0.9000.876+0.024=0.900 and
0.076+0.024=0.1000.076+0.024=0.100.

Finally, we show that when A=9A=9, the
values of BB and CC remain the same.

The value of 0.9BC0.9BC when rounded to
the nearest tenth is greater than 0.9BC0.9BC, and therefore is equal to 11.

In this case, 0.9BC+0.024=10.9BC+0.024=1 or
0.9BC=10.024=0.9760.9BC=1-0.024=0.976, and so B=7B=7 and C=6C=6.

Therefore, for all possible values of the non-negative digit AA, we get B+C=7+6=13B+C=7+6=13.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.