Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2023

Algebra Difficulty 3.1 AMC 10/12 Prove it Canada

Liang and Edmundo paint at different but
constant rates. Liang can paint a room in 3 hours if she works alone.
Edmundo can paint the same room in 4 hours if he works alone. Liang
works alone for 2 hours and then stops. Edmundo finishes painting the
room. How many minutes will Edmundo need to finish painting the
room?
On January 1, 2021, an investment had a
value of $400.

From January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022, the value of the investment
increased by AA% from its value on
January 1, 2021 for some A gt; 0\text{A gt; 0}.

From January 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023, the value of the investment
decreased by AA% from its value on
January 1, 2022.

On January 1, 2023, the value of the investment was $391.

Determine all possible values of AA.

Solution

In 1 hour, Liang paints 13\frac{1}{3} of the room.

Thus, in 2 hours, Liang paints 23\frac{2}{3} of the room.

Edmundo needs to paint 123=131 - \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{3} of the room.

In 1 hour, Edmundo paints 14\frac{1}{4} of the room.

Since 14=312\frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{12}
and 13=412\frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{12},
this means that Edmundo paints for 13÷14=412÷312=43\frac{1}{3} \div \frac{1}{4} = \frac{4}{12} \div \frac{3}{12} = \frac{4}{3} of an hour.

Therefore, Edmundo paints for 80 minutes.
When converted to a fraction, A%A\% is equal to A100\dfrac{A}{100}.

When an amount is increased by A%A\%, we can find its new value by
multiplying by 1+A1001 + \dfrac{A}{100}.

When an amount is decreased by A%A\%, we can find its new value by
multiplying by 1A1001 - \dfrac{A}{100}.

When $400 is increased by A%A\%,
the amount becomes $400(1+A100)\$400\left(1 + \dfrac{A}{100}\right).

When this value is decreased by A%A\%, the amount becomes $400(1+A100)(1A100)\$400\left(1 + \dfrac{A}{100}\right)\left(1 - \dfrac{A}{100}\right).

Therefore, 400 (1 + A 100 ) (1 - A 100 ) amp; = 391 (1 + A 100 ) (1 - A 100 ) amp; = 391 400 1 - A 2 100 2 amp; = 1 - 9 400 A 2 100 2 amp; = 9 400 A 2 100 2 amp; = 3 2 20 2 A 100 amp; = 3 20 (since A gt; 0 ) A amp; = 100 3 20 = 15\text{400 (1 + A 100 ) (1 - A 100 ) amp; = 391 (1 + A 100 ) (1 - A 100 ) amp; = 391 400 1 - A 2 100 2 amp; = 1 - 9 400 A 2 100 2 amp; = 9 400 A 2 100 2 amp; = 3 2 20 2 A 100 amp; = 3 20 (since A gt; 0 ) A amp; = 100 3 20 = 15} Therefore,
A=15A = 15.

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