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Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle with ABACAB \neq AC. The incircle ω\omega of the triangle touches the sides BCBC, CACA and ABAB in DD, EE and FF, respectively. The perpendicular line erected from CC to BCBC intersects EFEF at MM, and, similarly, the perpendicular line erected at BB to BCBC intersects EFEF at NN. The line DMDM meets ω\omega again in PP, and the line DNDN meets ω\omega again in QQ. Prove that DP=DQDP = DQ.
Rubén Dario, Perú, and Leonard Giugliuc, Romania

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let {T}=EFBC\{T\} = EF \cap BC. Applying Menelaus' theorem to the triangle ABCABC and the transversal line EFTE-F-T we obtain: TBTCECEAFAFB=1\frac{TB}{TC} \cdot \frac{EC}{EA} \cdot \frac{FA}{FB} = 1, i.e. TBTCscsasasb=1\frac{TB}{TC} \cdot \frac{s-c}{s-a} \cdot \frac{s-a}{s-b} = 1, or TBTC=sbsc\frac{TB}{TC} = \frac{s-b}{s-c}, where the notations are the usual ones (1).

This means that triangles TBNTBN and TCMTCM are similar, therefore TBTC=BNCM\frac{TB}{TC} = \frac{BN}{CM}. From (1) it follows that BNCM=sbsc\frac{BN}{CM} = \frac{s-b}{s-c}, BDCD=sbsc\frac{BD}{CD} = \frac{s-b}{s-c}, and DBN=DCM=90\angle DBN = \angle DCM = 90^\circ, which means that triangles BDNBDN and CDMCDM are similar, hence angles BDNBDN and CDMCDM are equal.

This leads to the arcs DQDQ and DPDP being equal, and finally to DP=DQDP = DQ.

Solution 2

Let SS be the intersection point of the altitude from AA with the line EFEF. Lines BNBN, ASAS, CMCM are parallel, therefore triangles BNFBNF and ASFASF are similar, as are triangles ASEASE and CMECME. We obtain BNAS=BFFA\frac{BN}{AS} = \frac{BF}{FA} and ASCM=AEEC\frac{AS}{CM} = \frac{AE}{EC}. Multiplying these two together, we obtain
BNCM=BFFAAEEC=BFEC=BDDC. \frac{BN}{CM} = \frac{BF}{FA} \cdot \frac{AE}{EC} = \frac{BF}{EC} = \frac{BD}{DC}.
(We have used that AE=AFAE = AF, BF=BDBF = BD and CE=CDCE = CD.)

It follows that the right triangles BDNBDN and CDMCDM are similar (SAS), which leads to the same ending as in the first proof.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.