Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /13 of 39

, 2012

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it Belarus

Given cyclic pentagon ABCDEABCDE with AB=BCAB = BC, CD=DECD = DE. Segments ADAD and BEBE intersect at PP, segment BDBD intersects CACA and CECE at QQ and TT, respectively.
Prove that triangle PQTPQT is isosceles.

Solution

Since AB=BCAB = BC, CD=DECD = DE we have AB=BC\sim AB = \sim BC, CD=DE\sim CD = \sim DE.

Figure 1

Therefore,
BPA=DPE=12(AB+DE)=12(AB+CD)=BQA.(1) \angle BPA = \angle DPE = \frac{1}{2}(\sim AB + \sim DE) = \frac{1}{2}(\sim AB + \sim CD) = \angle BQA. \quad (1)

So, points AA, BB, QQ, PP belong to the same circle and we have
QAB=QPB (subtended by the same chord BQ)(2) \angle QAB = \angle QPB \text{ (subtended by the same chord $BQ$)} \quad (2)
and
QAB=CAB=CEB (subtended by the same chord BC).(3) \angle QAB = \angle CAB = \angle CEB \text{ (subtended by the same chord $BC$).} \quad (3)
Thus from (2) and (3) we have QPB=CEB\angle QPB = \angle CEB, so PQCEPQ \parallel CE. Therefore,
TQP=DTE=12(BC+DE)=12(AB+CD)=AQB.(4) \angle TQP = \angle DTE = \frac{1}{2}(\sim BC + \sim DE) = \frac{1}{2}(\sim AB + \sim CD) = \angle AQB. \quad (4)
Similarly, points PP, TT, DD, EE belong to the same circle because
EPD=12(AB+DE)=12(BC+DE)=ETD. \angle EPD = \frac{1}{2}(\sim AB + \sim DE) = \frac{1}{2}(\sim BC + \sim DE) = \angle ETD.
So, PTE=PDE\angle PTE = \angle PDE (subtended by the same chord PEPE). Since ACE=ADE\angle ACE = \angle ADE (subtended by the same chord AEAE) we have ACE=PTE\angle ACE = \angle PTE. Therefore, PTACPT \parallel AC and hence PTQ=AQB\angle PTQ = \angle AQB. Now from (4) it follows that PTQ=TQP\angle PTQ = \angle TQP, thus triangle PTQPTQ is isosceles.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.