Find all pairs of positive integers and satisfying the equality .
, 2012
Solution
Answer: .
By condition,
Consider the obtained equation
as a quadratic equation with respect to . It has positive integer roots only if the determinant of this equation is a perfect square of some integer number. But
for any natural number , and
for any natural number . Therefore, (1) has the natural roots only if or .
If , then , so either or .
If , then , so either or .
Thus, (4; 2) is a unique pair of positive integers satisfying the problem condition.
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