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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

Consider an acute scalene triangle ABCABC with circumcircle Γ\Gamma. The external angle bisector of ∠BAC\angle BAC meets BCBC at XX. Lines ℓb\ell_b and ℓc\ell_c are tangent lines from BB and CC to Γ\Gamma. A line passes through XX and intersects ℓb\ell_b and ℓc\ell_c at points YY and ZZ, such that X,YX, Y and ZZ lie on this order. Suppose that the circumcircle of triangles AYBAYB and AZCAZC intersect at NN, for the second time. If DD is the intersection point of ℓb\ell_b and ℓc\ell_c, show that NDND is the angle bisector of ∠YNZ\angle YNZ.

Solution

Let NYNY and NZNZ intersect BCBC at EE and FF, respectively. Note that since quadrilaterals ABYNABYN and ACZNACZN are cyclic,
∠NZY+∠NZY=∠NAB+∠NAC=∠A  ⟹  ∠ZNY=180∘−∠A, \angle NZY + \angle NZY = \angle NAB + \angle NAC = \angle A \implies \angle ZNY = 180^{\circ} - \angle A,
hence the pentagon ACZNEACZNE is cyclic. Similarly one can show that ABYNFABYNF is cyclic, too. Now it is easy to conclude that △BEY∼△CFZ\triangle BEY \sim \triangle CFZ.

Figure 1

Let PP be the intersection of ℓb\ell_b and ℓc\ell_c. Now by law of sines
sin⁡∠PNZsin⁡∠PNY=PZ⋅sin⁡∠NZPPY⋅sin⁡∠NYP. \frac{\sin \angle PNZ}{\sin \angle PNY} = \frac{PZ \cdot \sin \angle NZP}{PY \cdot \sin \angle NYP}.

So we have to prove
PYPZ=sin⁡∠NZPsin⁡∠NYP  ⟺  PYPZ=sin⁡∠CZFsin⁡∠BEY. \frac{PY}{PZ} = \frac{\sin \angle NZP}{\sin \angle NYP} \iff \frac{PY}{PZ} = \frac{\sin \angle CZF}{\sin \angle BEY}.
In order to prove this, note that by Menelaus's theorem one can have
PYYB⋅BXXC⋅CZZP=1  ⟹  PYPZ=CXBX⋅BYZC=ACAB⋅BYCZ. \frac{PY}{YB} \cdot \frac{BX}{XC} \cdot \frac{CZ}{ZP} = 1 \implies \frac{PY}{PZ} = \frac{CX}{BX} \cdot \frac{BY}{ZC} = \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BY}{CZ}.
Hence we need to have
ACAB⋅BYCZ=sin⁡∠CZFsin⁡∠BYE  ⟺  ACAB⋅BYsin⁡∠CZF⋅sin⁡∠BYECZ=1  ⟺  ACAB⋅BECZ=1  ⟺  ACAB⋅ABAC=1, \begin{align*} \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BY}{CZ} &= \frac{\sin \angle CZF}{\sin \angle BYE} &\iff& \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BY}{\sin \angle CZF} \cdot \frac{\sin \angle BYE}{CZ} &= 1 \\ &\iff& \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BE}{CZ} &= 1 \\ &\iff& \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{AB}{AC} &= 1, \end{align*}
as desired.

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