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Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

Consider an acute scalene triangle ABCABC with circumcircle Γ\Gamma. The external angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC meets BCBC at XX. Lines b\ell_b and c\ell_c are tangent lines from BB and CC to Γ\Gamma. A line passes through XX and intersects b\ell_b and c\ell_c at points YY and ZZ, such that X,YX, Y and ZZ lie on this order. Suppose that the circumcircle of triangles AYBAYB and AZCAZC intersect at NN, for the second time. If DD is the intersection point of b\ell_b and c\ell_c, show that NDND is the angle bisector of YNZ\angle YNZ.

Solution

Let NYNY and NZNZ intersect BCBC at EE and FF, respectively. Note that since quadrilaterals ABYNABYN and ACZNACZN are cyclic,
NZY+NZY=NAB+NAC=A    ZNY=180A, \angle NZY + \angle NZY = \angle NAB + \angle NAC = \angle A \implies \angle ZNY = 180^{\circ} - \angle A,
hence the pentagon ACZNEACZNE is cyclic. Similarly one can show that ABYNFABYNF is cyclic, too. Now it is easy to conclude that BEYCFZ\triangle BEY \sim \triangle CFZ.

Figure 1

Let PP be the intersection of b\ell_b and c\ell_c. Now by law of sines
sinPNZsinPNY=PZsinNZPPYsinNYP. \frac{\sin \angle PNZ}{\sin \angle PNY} = \frac{PZ \cdot \sin \angle NZP}{PY \cdot \sin \angle NYP}.

So we have to prove
PYPZ=sinNZPsinNYP    PYPZ=sinCZFsinBEY. \frac{PY}{PZ} = \frac{\sin \angle NZP}{\sin \angle NYP} \iff \frac{PY}{PZ} = \frac{\sin \angle CZF}{\sin \angle BEY}.
In order to prove this, note that by Menelaus's theorem one can have
PYYBBXXCCZZP=1    PYPZ=CXBXBYZC=ACABBYCZ. \frac{PY}{YB} \cdot \frac{BX}{XC} \cdot \frac{CZ}{ZP} = 1 \implies \frac{PY}{PZ} = \frac{CX}{BX} \cdot \frac{BY}{ZC} = \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BY}{CZ}.
Hence we need to have
ACABBYCZ=sinCZFsinBYE    ACABBYsinCZFsinBYECZ=1    ACABBECZ=1    ACABABAC=1, \begin{align*} \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BY}{CZ} &= \frac{\sin \angle CZF}{\sin \angle BYE} &\iff& \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BY}{\sin \angle CZF} \cdot \frac{\sin \angle BYE}{CZ} &= 1 \\ &\iff& \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{BE}{CZ} &= 1 \\ &\iff& \frac{AC}{AB} \cdot \frac{AB}{AC} &= 1, \end{align*}
as desired.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.