Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer Italy

Problem:

A square ABCDABCD of side 11 is inscribed in a circle γ\gamma. Construct the reflections of the arcs AB\text{AB}, BC\text{BC}, CD\text{CD}, DA\text{DA} of γ\gamma with respect to the sides ABAB, BCBC, CDCD, DADA respectively. Let L,M,N,OL, M, N, O denote the midpoints of the arcs thus obtained; what is the area of LMNOLMNO?

Pick one

Solution

Solution:

The answer is (E). The radius of the circle circumscribed about the square is 22\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}, being half of the diagonal of the square itself. LMNOLMNO is also a square, since the figure is symmetric under rotations of 9090 degrees. Now, the vertices of the unit square divide the circle into four arcs. The midpoints of these have the same distance from the sides of the square as the points L,M,N,OL, M, N, O, being in fact symmetric to them with respect to the respective sides. This distance turns out to be the difference between the radius of the circle and half the side of the square, hence 212\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}. LNLN equals the difference between the side of the unit square and twice the above distance, that is 222-\sqrt{2}. Finally, LNLN is the diagonal of LMNOLMNO, whose side is therefore 21\sqrt{2}-1, and whose area is (21)2=322(\sqrt{2}-1)^2=3-2\sqrt{2}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from it; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.