Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Find the answer Italy

Problem:

Let ABCABC be a triangle with sides ABAB, CACA and BCBC of length respectively 1717, 2525 and 2626. Let XX and YY be the intersections of the parallel to ABAB through CC with the bisectors of CA^BC\widehat{A}B and of AB^CA\widehat{B}C respectively. What is the area of the trapezoid ABXYABXY?

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Solution

Solution:

The answer is (A). Let II be the incenter of triangle ABCABC; then triangles AIBAIB and XIYXIY are similar because of the parallelism between the lines ABAB and XYXY. Let hh be the height of the trapezoid ABXYABXY, that is, the height of triangle ABCABC relative to the base ABAB; the height of triangle AIBAIB relative to ABAB is the radius of the circle inscribed in ABCABC, whose length is SABC/pABC=SABC/34S_{ABC} / p_{ABC} = S_{ABC} / 34. On the other hand, h=2SABC/17h = 2 S_{ABC} / 17. We have, thanks to the similarity mentioned above, XY:AB=XY:17=(2SABC/17SABC/34):SABC/34XY : AB = XY : 17 = \left(2 S_{ABC} / 17 - S_{ABC} / 34\right) : S_{ABC} / 34; that is, XY=317=51XY = 3 \cdot 17 = 51. The area of the trapezoid is therefore 12(17+51)h=34h\frac{1}{2}(17+51) h = 34 h.

The height hh can be computed as 2ABp(pAB)(pBC)(pAC)\frac{2}{AB} \sqrt{p(p-AB)(p-BC)(p-AC)}, using Heron's formula, where pp is the semiperimeter of ABCABC; substituting the side lengths gives h=24h = 24, and thus SABXY=816S_{ABXY} = 816. Alternatively, it is possible to compute hh using the Pythagorean Theorem: letting xx and yy be the projections of the height onto ABAB, we know that x+y=17x+y=17, x2+h2=252x^{2}+h^{2}=25^{2} and y2+h2=262y^{2}+h^{2}=26^{2}, from which y2x2=(x+y)(yx)=17(xy)=51y^{2}-x^{2}=(x+y)(y-x)=17(x-y)=51. Solving the system for xx and yy we obtain, for instance, y=10y=10, and hence h=262102=24h=\sqrt{26^{2}-10^{2}}=24.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from it; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.