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Algebra Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it Ireland

Show that, for all x,y,z,wx, y, z, w,
(xw)(yz)+(yw)(zx)+(zw)(xy)=0, (x - w)(y - z) + (y - w)(z - x) + (z - w)(x - y) = 0,
and
sin(xw)sin(yz)+sin(yw)sin(zx)+sin(zw)sin(xy)=0. \sin(x - w)\sin(y - z) + \sin(y - w)\sin(z - x) + \sin(z - w)\sin(x - y) = 0.

Solution

The first identity follows since
(xw)(yz)+(yw)(zx)+(zw)(xy)=(xyxzwy+wz)+(yzyxwz+wx)+(zxzywx+wy)=(xy+wx+yz+wx+zx+wy)(xx+wy+yx+wz+zy+wx)=0. \begin{aligned} (x - w)(y - z) + (y - w)(z - x) + (z - w)(x - y) &= (xy - xz - wy + wz) + (yz - yx - wz + wx) + (zx - zy - wx + wy) \\ &= (xy + wx + yz + wx + zx + wy) - (xx + wy + yx + wz + zy + wx) \\ &= 0. \end{aligned}

The second because in the first place
2sinAsinB=cos(AB)cos(A+B), 2 \sin A \sin B = \cos(A - B) - \cos(A + B),
and so
2sin(xw)sin(yz)=cos((xw)(yz))cos((xw)+(yz))=cos(xy+zw)cos(xyzw), \begin{aligned} 2 \sin(x - w) \sin(y - z) &= \cos((x - w) - (y - z)) - \cos((x - w) + (y - z)) \\ &= \cos(x - y + z - w) - \cos(x - y - z - w), \end{aligned}
2sin(yw)sin(zx)=cos((yw)(zx))cos((yw)+(zx))=cos(x+yzw)cos(xyz+w), and \begin{aligned} 2 \sin(y - w) \sin(z - x) &= \cos((y - w) - (z - x)) - \cos((y - w) + (z - x)) \\ &= \cos(x + y - z - w) - \cos(x - y - z + w), \text{ and} \end{aligned}
2sin(zw)sin(xy)=cos((zw)(xy))cos((zw)+(xy))=cos(xyz+w)cos(xy+zw). \begin{aligned} 2 \sin(z - w) \sin(x - y) &= \cos((z - w) - (x - y)) - \cos((z - w) + (x - y)) \\ &= \cos(x - y - z + w) - \cos(x - y + z - w). \end{aligned}
The result follows by adding these together.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.