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Slovenian Mathematical Olympiad, 2008

Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National Olympiad Prove it Slovenia

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral such that the triangle BCDBCD is acute and ∣AB∣=∣AD∣|AB| = |AD|. Denote the intersection of the bisector of the angle ∠CAD\angle CAD with the side CDCD by KK and the intersection of the bisector of the angle ∠BAC\angle BAC with the side BCBC by LL. Let K′K' and L′L' be the orthogonal projections of KK and LL onto the sides BCBC and CDCD, respectively. Prove that BB, DD, L′L' and K′K' are concyclic.

Solution

We use the Law of sines for the triangle BALBAL,
sin⁡(∠BAL)∣BL∣=sin⁡(∠ALB)∣AB∣, \frac{\sin(\angle BAL)}{|BL|} = \frac{\sin(\angle ALB)}{|AB|},
and for the triangle CALCAL,
sin⁡(∠LAC)∣CL∣=sin⁡(∠CLA)∣AC∣. \frac{\sin(\angle LAC)}{|CL|} = \frac{\sin(\angle CLA)}{|AC|}.
Since ∠ALB=π−∠CLA\angle ALB = \pi - \angle CLA, we have sin⁡∠ALB=sin⁡∠CLA\sin \angle ALB = \sin \angle CLA. From the two equations above and ∠BAL=∠LAC\angle BAL = \angle LAC we get
∣AB∣∣AC∣=∣BL∣∣CL∣. \frac{|AB|}{|AC|} = \frac{|BL|}{|CL|}.
Similarly, ∣AD∣∣AC∣=∣DK∣∣CK∣\frac{|AD|}{|AC|} = \frac{|DK|}{|CK|}.
(In any triangle the bisector of an angle divides the opposite side in the ratio equal to the ratio of the lengths of the other two sides. This is a well-known fact and the proof was not required. It was sufficient to note that since ALAL is the bisector of ∠BAC\angle BAC, we have ∣AB∣∣AC∣=∣BL∣∣CL∣\frac{|AB|}{|AC|} = \frac{|BL|}{|CL|}.)
Since ∣AB∣=∣AD∣|AB| = |AD|, these two equalities imply ∣BL∣∣CL∣=∣DK∣∣CK∣\frac{|BL|}{|CL|} = \frac{|DK|}{|CK|}. So,
∣CB∣∣CL∣=∣BL∣+∣CL∣∣CL∣=∣BL∣∣CK∣+1=∣DK∣∣CK∣+1=∣DK∣+∣CK∣∣CK∣=∣CD∣∣CK∣. \frac{|CB|}{|CL|} = \frac{|BL| + |CL|}{|CL|} = \frac{|BL|}{|CK|} + 1 = \frac{|DK|}{|CK|} + 1 = \frac{|DK| + |CK|}{|CK|} = \frac{|CD|}{|CK|}.
Triangles DBCDBC and KLCKLC are similar (they share the angle at CC and ∣CB∣∣CL∣=∣CD∣∣CK∣\frac{|CB|}{|CL|} = \frac{|CD|}{|CK|}). Thus, the line KLKL is parallel to the diagonal BDBD. Because of the right angles at K′K' and L′L' points KK, LL, K′K' and L′L' are concyclic. Since the triangle BCDBCD is acute, K′K' and L′L' lie on the same side of KLKL and on the same side of BDBD. So,
∠DL′K′=∠KL′K′=π−∠K′LK=π−∠K′BD \angle DL'K' = \angle KL'K' = \pi - \angle K'LK = \pi - \angle K'BD
and BB, DD, L′L', K′K' are concyclic.

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