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Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Number theory Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

a) Find all pairs of positive integers (m,n)(m, n), with m≤nm \le n, for which
p(2m+1)⋅p(2n+1)=400. p(2m + 1) \cdot p(2n + 1) = 400.

Solution

a) Since 400=1⋅400=4⋅100=16⋅25400 = 1 \cdot 400 = 4 \cdot 100 = 16 \cdot 25, we analyze three cases.
If p(2m+1)=1p(2m+1) = 1, p(2n+1)=400p(2n+1) = 400, we obtain 1≤2m+1<41 \le 2m+1 < 4 and 400≤2n+1<441400 \le 2n+1 < 441, hence m∈{1,2}m \in \{1, 2\} and n∈{200,201,…,219}n \in \{200, 201, \dots, 219\}, giving 40 pairs (m,n)(m, n). Similarly, in the second case we obtain 20 pairs, and in the last case, 24 pairs, leading to a total of 84 pairs.

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