Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /5 of 15

Algebra Difficulty 4.7 AIME Prove it Estonia

Let aa, bb, cc be fixed real numbers, where 0a,b,c40 \le a, b, c \le 4. Prove that the system of equations
{p2aq=3q2br=4r2cp=5 \begin{cases} p^2 - a q = -3 \\ q^2 - b r = -4 \\ r^2 - c p = -5 \end{cases}
has no real solutions (pp, qq, rr).

Solution

Adding up all equations gives p2cp+q2aq+r2br=12p^2 - c p + q^2 - a q + r^2 - b r = -12. From the inequality (pc2)20(p - \frac{c}{2})^2 \ge 0 we have p2cpc244p^2 - c p \ge -\frac{c^2}{4} \ge -4 and similarly, q2aq4q^2 - a q \ge -4 and r2br4r^2 - b r \ge -4. Adding up these inequalities, we see that to avoid a contradiction with the equality derived first, all three inequalities must actually be equalities, i.e. a=b=c=4a = b = c = 4 and p=q=r=2p = q = r = 2. But this does not satisfy the initial equations.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.