Determine, with proof, whether there is any odd integer and distinct prime numbers , such that all (, and ) are perfect squares?
, 2011
Solution
Suppose that there exists odd integer and distinct prime numbers satisfying the given condition.
If all are odd, then all the sums are multiples of , so the prime numbers modulo appear to be and alternatively, and it contradicts to the fact that is odd.
If one of is , then without loss of generality, we may assume that . As both and are perfect squares and both are odd, it follows that and are congruent to modulo . Similar to the discussion in the first case, we know that the primes modulo appear to be and alternatively, so is odd, which is a contradiction.
Hence, there are no odd integer and primes satisfying the given conditions.
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