Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / Hellenic Mathematical Olympiad /52 of 57

Hellenic Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Greece

Let ABCABC be a triangle with AB<AC<BCAB < AC < BC and circumcircle Γ1\Gamma_1 of center OO. We consider the circle Γ2\Gamma_2 with center DD lying on the circle Γ1\Gamma_1, and tangent to the line BCBC at the point EE and tangent to the extension of the side ABAB at point FF. The circles Γ1\Gamma_1 and Γ2\Gamma_2 intersect at the points KK and GG (the point KK lies in the interior of the triangle BFEBFE). If the line KGKG intersects the lines FEFE and CDCD at the points MM and NN, respectively, prove that the quadrilateral BCNMBCNM is cyclic.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

We have DE⊥BCDE \perp BC and DF⊥ABDF \perp AB (because Γ2\Gamma_2 is tangent to the side BCBC at EE and to the line ABAB at FF).

Figure 1
Figure 4

Figure 2
Figure 5

Hence the quadrilateral BEDFBEDF is cyclic and let Γ3\Gamma_3 be its circumcircle.
Moreover we have the equalities:
BE=BF and DE=DF.(1) BE = BF \text{ and } DE = DF. \tag{1}

The EFEF is the common chord of the circles Γ2\Gamma_2 and Γ3\Gamma_3 and KGKG is the common chord of the circles Γ1\Gamma_1 and Γ2\Gamma_2. Since EFEF and KGKG meet at MM, the common chord BDBD of the circles Γ1\Gamma_1 and Γ3\Gamma_3 will pass through MM (radical center of the circles Γ1,Γ2,Γ3\Gamma_1, \Gamma_2, \Gamma_3).
Since the orthogonal triangles AFDAFD, CEDCED are equal (FD=EDFD = ED, ∠FAD=∠ECD\angle FAD = \angle ECD), we have DA=DCDA = DC. Hence DODO is the perpendicular bisector of ACAC, and since DO⊥KGDO \perp KG, it follows that AC∥KGAC \parallel KG and ∠ACD=∠MND\angle ACD = \angle MND.
Since BDBD bisects the angle ∠FBE\angle FBE and BDCABDCA is inscribed into the circle Γ1\Gamma_1 we have ∠MBC=∠FBM=∠ACD=∠MND\angle MBC = \angle FBM = \angle ACD = \angle MND. Hence BCNMBCNM is cyclic.

Solution 2

We have DE⊥BCDE \perp BC and DF⊥ABDF \perp AB (because Γ2\Gamma_2 is tangent to the side BCBC at EE and to the line ABAB at FF). Hence the quadrilateral BEDFBEDF is cyclic and let Γ3\Gamma_3 be its circumcircle.
We consider the inversion with respect to the circle Γ2\Gamma_2 (with center DD). Since circle Γ3\Gamma_3 is passing through DD, its image is the line of common chord FEFE, and therefore:
The image of BB belongs to the line FEFE. (5)
Since circle Γ1\Gamma_1 is passing through DD, its image is the line of common chord KGKG, and therefore:
The image of BB belongs to the line KGKG. (6)
From (5), (6) we conclude that the image of BB under the inversion we have considered is the point MM. Also, CC has image the point NN. Hence the quadrilateral BMNCBMNC is cyclic.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.