Olympiad Maths Prep

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, 2020

Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad Prove it Greece

We consider the segment ABAB and the point Γ\Gamma on it such that AB=3AGAB = 3 \cdot AG. We construct the parallelogram AΓΔEA\Gamma\Delta E with AΓ=ΔE=ΓE>AEA\Gamma = \Delta E = \Gamma E > AE. We consider point ZZ on the side AΓA\Gamma such that AE^Z=AΓE=ωA\hat{E}Z = A\Gamma E = \omega. Prove that the line perpendicular from BB to the line EΓE\Gamma and the line from the point Δ\Delta perpendicular to the line ABAB meet on a point, say KK, which lies on the line EZEZ.

Solution

If AΓE=ωA\Gamma E = \omega, from the right angled triangle ΓΘB\Gamma\Theta B we have:
ΓB^Θ=90BΓ^Θ=90ω,(1) \Gamma \hat{B} \Theta = 90^{\circ} - B \hat{\Gamma} \Theta = 90^{\circ} - \omega, \qquad (1)
since BΓΘ=AΓE=ωB\Gamma\Theta = A\Gamma E = \omega, and moreover BE^K=90B\hat{E}K = 90^{\circ}, and so
ΓB^Θ+BH^K=90ω+90=180ω<180, \Gamma \hat{B} \Theta + B \hat{H} K = 90^{\circ} - \omega + 90^{\circ} = 180^{\circ} - \omega < 180^{\circ},
Which gives that the lines BΘB\Theta and ΔH\Delta H intersect at a point, say KK. Therefore, it is enough to prove that the points ZZ, EE and KK are collinear.
The quadrilateral EΔΓZE\Delta\Gamma Z is isosceles trapezium, because EΔZΓE\Delta \parallel Z\Gamma and ZE=AE=ΓΔZE = AE = \Gamma\Delta. Indeed, the triangles AEZAEZ and AΓEA\Gamma E have the angle AA in common and AE^Z=AΓE=ωA\hat{E}Z = A\Gamma E = \omega, therefore they have equal angles. Therefore the triangle AZEAZE is isosceles with AE^Z=EA^ZA\hat{E}Z = E\hat{A}Z. It follows that: AE=ZEAE = ZE.
Figure 1
figure 2
From the isosceles trapezium EΔΓZE\Delta\Gamma Z we have that:
EZ^Γ=ZΓ^Δ=180ΓA^E=180(180ω2)=90+ω2.(2) E \hat{Z} \Gamma = Z \hat{\Gamma} \Delta = 180^{\circ} - \Gamma \hat{A} E = 180^{\circ} - \left( \frac{180^{\circ} - \omega}{2} \right) = 90^{\circ} + \frac{\omega}{2}. \qquad (2)
From the orthogonal triangle ΔHZ\Delta H Z we have
ZΔ^H=90ΔZ^H=90ω.(3) Z\hat{\Delta}H = 90^{\circ} - \Delta\hat{Z}H = 90^{\circ} - \omega. \qquad (3)
From (1) and (3) it follows that the quadrilateral BΔZKB\Delta ZK is cyclic.
If Λ\Lambda is the midpoint of the segment ΓB\Gamma B we observe that the quadrilateral EΔΛΓE\Delta\Lambda\Gamma has EΔΓΛE\Delta \parallel \Gamma\Lambda, ΓE=ΔE=AΓ=ΓΛ\Gamma E = \Delta E = A\Gamma = \Gamma\Lambda, since AΓ=13ABA\Gamma = \frac{1}{3}AB and Λ\Lambda is the midpoint of ΓB\Gamma B. Hence EΔΛΓE\Delta\Lambda\Gamma is rhombus. Hence, we have ΛΓΔ=ω\Lambda\Gamma\Delta = \omega and moreover ΔΛ=ΛΓ=ΛB=ΓB2\Delta\Lambda = \Lambda\Gamma = \Lambda B = \frac{\Gamma B}{2}. It means that the triangle ΓΔB\Gamma\Delta B is orthogonal at Δ\Delta and from the isosceles triangle ΛΔB\Lambda\Delta B we have : ΔB^Λ=ω2\Delta\hat{B}\Lambda = \frac{\omega}{2}.
From the cyclic quadrilateral BΔZKB\Delta ZK we have:
ZK^Δ=ΔB^Z=ΔB^Λ=ω2,(4) Z\hat{K}\Delta = \Delta\hat{B}Z = \Delta\hat{B}\Lambda = \frac{\omega}{2}, \qquad (4)
οπότε από το ορθογώνιο τρίγωνο HZKHZK και τη σχέση (4) έπεται ότι:
ΓZ^K=HZ^K=90ω2(5) \Gamma\hat{Z}K = H\hat{Z}K = 90^{\circ} - \frac{\omega}{2} \qquad (5)
From (2) and (5) it follows that:
EZ^Γ+ΓZ^K=90+ω2+90ω2=180, E\hat{Z}\Gamma + \Gamma\hat{Z}K = 90^{\circ} + \frac{\omega}{2} + 90^{\circ} - \frac{\omega}{2} = 180^{\circ},
and hence the points AA, EE and KK are collinear.

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