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New Zealand Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it New Zealand

Problem:
Let Γ1\Gamma_{1} and Γ2\Gamma_{2} be circles internally tangent at point AA, with Γ1\Gamma_{1} inside Γ2\Gamma_{2}. Let BCBC be a chord of Γ2\Gamma_{2} which is tangent to Γ1\Gamma_{1} at point DD. Prove that line ADAD is the angle bisector of ∠BAC\angle BAC.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:
Let λ\lambda be the common tangent of Γ1\Gamma_{1} and Γ2\Gamma_{2} at point AA. Let PP be a point on λ\lambda such that PP and CC are on opposite sides of line ABAB. Let QQ and RR be the points of intersection of Γ1\Gamma_{1} with ABAB and ACAC respectively.

Figure 1

∠BCA=∠BAP\angle BCA = \angle BAP

=∠QAP\qquad = \angle QAP

=∠QRA\qquad = \angle QRA

Therefore lines BCBC and QRQR are parallel.

Now consider ∠BAD\angle BAD.

∠BAD=∠QAD\angle BAD = \angle QAD

=∠QRD\qquad = \angle QRD

=∠CDR\qquad = \angle CDR

=∠DAR\qquad = \angle DAR

=∠DAC.\qquad = \angle DAC.

Since ∠BAD=∠DAC\angle BAD = \angle DAC, we are done.

Solution 2

Solution:
Consider the dilation centered at AA which sends Γ1\Gamma_{1} to Γ2\Gamma_{2}. This dilation sends point DD to the point D′D' ∈Γ2\in \Gamma_{2} such that points AA, DD and D′D' are colinear. This dilation also sends line BCBC to the line tangent to Γ2\Gamma_{2} at point D′D'. Therefore the tangent to Γ2\Gamma_{2} at point D′D' is parallel to chord BCBC. Hence D′D' is the midpoint of arc BCBC. I.e. BD′BD' and D′CD'C have the same arc-length. Since equal arcs subtend equal angles, we deduce that ∠BAD′=∠D′AC\angle BAD' = \angle D'AC as required.

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