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Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National Olympiad Prove it European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad (EGMO)

Problem:
Let ABCABC be an acute-angled triangle with circumcircle Γ\Gamma and orthocentre HH. Let KK be a point of Γ\Gamma on the other side of BCBC from AA. Let LL be the reflection of KK in the line ABAB, and let MM be the reflection of KK in the line BCBC. Let EE be the second point of intersection of Γ\Gamma with the circumcircle of triangle BLMBLM. Show that the lines KHKH, EMEM and BCBC are concurrent. (The orthocentre of a triangle is the point on all three of its altitudes.)

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:
Since the quadrilateral BMELB M E L is cyclic, we have BEM=BLM\angle B E M = \angle B L M. By construction, BK=BL=BM|B K| = |B L| = |B M|, and so (using directed angles)
BLM=9012MBL=90(18012LBK12KBM)=(12LBK+12KBM)90=(180B)90=90B. \begin{aligned} \angle B L M & = 90^\circ - \frac{1}{2} \angle M B L = 90^\circ - \left(180^\circ - \frac{1}{2} \angle L B K - \frac{1}{2} \angle K B M\right) \\ & = \left(\frac{1}{2} \angle L B K + \frac{1}{2} \angle K B M\right) - 90^\circ = \left(180^\circ - \angle B\right) - 90^\circ = 90^\circ - B. \end{aligned}
We see also that BEM=BAH\angle B E M = \angle B A H, and so the point NN of intersection of EME M and AHA H lies on Γ\Gamma.
Let XX be the point of intersection of KHK H and BCB C, and let NN' be the point of intersection of MXM X and AHA H. Since BCB C bisects the segment KMK M by construction, the triangle KXMK X M is isosceles; as AHMKA H \parallel M K, HXNH X N' is isosceles. Since AHBCA H \perp B C, NN' is the reflection of HH in the line BCB C. It is well known that this reflection lies on Γ\Gamma, and so N=NN' = N. Thus E,M,NE, M, N and M,X,NM, X, N' all lie on the same line MNM N; that is, EME M passes through XX.

Figure 1

Solution 2

Solution:
We work with directed angles. Let HKH K meet BCB C at XX. Let MXM X meet AHA H at HAH_{A} on Γ\Gamma (where HAH_{A} is the reflection of HH in BCB C). Define EE' to be where HAMH_{A} M meets Γ\Gamma (again). Our task is to show that MEB=MLB\angle M E' B = \angle M L B.
Observe that
MEB=HAAB (angles in same segment) =Bc \begin{aligned} \angle M E' B & = \angle H_{A} A B & \text{ (angles in same segment) } \\ & = B^{c} & \end{aligned}
Now
MLB=HLB=BKHC=BCHC=Bc. \begin{aligned} \angle M L B & = \angle H L B \\ & = \angle B K H_{C} \\ & = \angle B C H_{C} \\ & = B^{c} . \end{aligned}
(Simson line, doubled)
(reflecting in the line ABA B)
(angles in the same segment)

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