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Geometry Difficulty 7.4 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Vietnam

Let DD be the intersection of the two tangent lines of (O)(O) at BB and CC. The circle passing through AA and tangent to BCBC at BB intersects the median passing AA of the triangle ABCABC at GG. Lines BGBG, CGCG intersect CDCD, BDBD at E,FE, F respectively.

a) The line passing through the midpoints of BEBE and CFCF cuts BFBF, CECE at M,NM, N respectively. Prove that the points A,D,MA, D, M and NN lie on a same circle.

b) Lines AD,AGAD, AG intersect the circumcircle of DBC,GBCDBC, GBC at H,KH, K respectively. The perpendicular bisectors of HK,HEHK, HE, and HFHF cut BC,CABC, CA and ABAB at R,PR, P and QQ respectively. Prove that the points R,PR, P and QQ are collinear.

Solution

a) Let II, XX and YY be the midpoints of BCBC, BEBE and CFCF, respectively. Let IXIX, IYIY intersect ACAC, ABAB at SS, TT respectively. Since IBIB is tangent to (ABG)(ABG), we have
IB2=IGIA=IC2, IB^2 = IG \cdot IA = IC^2,
so ICIC is tangent to (AGC)(AGC) as well. Since II, YY are midpoints of BCBC, CFCF, we have IYIY is parallel to BFBF, then IYG=BFG=BAG\angle IYG = \angle BFG = \angle BAG, and thus A,T,YA, T, Y and GG are concyclic, so IYIT=IGIAIY \cdot IT = IG \cdot IA.

Similarly,
ISIX=IGIA=IYIT, IS \cdot IX = IG \cdot IA = IY \cdot IT,
implying that A,T,S,Y,XA, T, S, Y, X and GG lie on the same circle.

Figure 1

Hence, AXY=AGY=IGC=ACI=ABF=ABM\angle AXY = \angle AGY = \angle IGC = \angle ACI = \angle ABF = \angle ABM.
Therefore, A,M,BA, M, B and XX lie on the same circle. Similarly, A,Y,CA, Y, C and NN lie on the same circle. Thus, we have AMX=GBD\angle AMX = \angle GBD,
and NAY=GCD\angle NAY = \angle GCD. So we have
MAN=AMX+NAYYAX=GBD+GCD+BGC180=180BDC, \begin{align*} \angle MAN &= \angle AMX + \angle NAY - \angle YAX \\ &= \angle GBD + \angle GCD + \angle BGC - 180^\circ \\ &= 180^\circ - \angle BDC, \end{align*}
implying that A,D,MA, D, M and NN lie on the same circle.

b) For a triangle ABCABC, define the transformation namely γA,ABC=TI\gamma_{A,\triangle ABC} = T \circ I, which is the union of the inversion II of center AA, power ABACAB \cdot AC, and the reflection TT through the angle bisector of ABC\angle ABC. First, let prove the following lemma

Lemma. Let ABCABC be a triangle and (I)(I) be a circle through B,CB, C. Assume that γA,ABC\gamma_{A,\triangle ABC} transforms (I)(I) into (J)(J), then AI,AJAI, AJ are isogonal with respect to ABC\angle ABC.

Figure 2

Proof. We have the inversion with center AA and power ABACAB \cdot AC transforms (I)(I) into (J)(J'), and A,I,JA, I, J are collinear due to the property of the inversion. Then after the reflection through the bisector of BAC\angle BAC, JJ' transforms to JJ. This implies that AI,AJAI, AJ are isogonal with respect to angle BACBAC. \square

Back to our main problem, let Oa,ObO_a, O_b and OcO_c be the centers of (HEF)(HEF), (HKF)(HKF) and (HKE)(HKE). Note that Oa,Ob,OcO_a, O_b, O_c are the mutual intersections of the perpendicular bisectors of HK,HE,HFHK, HE, HF, so the perpendicular bisectors of HK,HEHK, HE and HFHF are precisely the lines ObOc,OcOaO_bO_c, O_cO_a and OaObO_aO_b. By Desargue's theorem, R,PR, P and QQ are collinear if and only if AOa,BObAO_a, BO_b and COcCO_c are concurrent. So we will show that indeed AOa,BObAO_a, BO_b and COcCO_c concur.

Figure 3

Let WW be the center of the circle ω(KEF)\omega \equiv (KEF). Now let's consider the transformation γA,ABC\gamma_{A,\triangle ABC}. Since BAD=KAC\angle BAD = \angle KAC and ABD=180C=AGC\angle ABD = 180^\circ - \angle C = \angle AGC, we have ABDAGC\triangle ABD \sim \triangle AGC, and thus
ABAC=AGAD, AB \cdot AC = AG \cdot AD,
and AG,ADAG, AD are isogonal with respect to BAC\angle BAC. So γA,ABC\gamma_{A,\triangle ABC} turns DD to GG and vice versa, and hence it transforms (BHC)(BHC) to (BKC)(BKC) and vice versa. Since H(BHC)H \in (BHC), K(BKC)K \in (BKC) and AH,AKAH, AK are isogonal with respect to BAC\angle BAC, the transformation will transform HH to KK and vice versa. Now, we have
ABFACB=KGC=AEC, \angle ABF - \angle ACB = \angle KGC = \angle AEC,
and similarly ACE=AFB\angle ACE = \angle AFB, then AFBACE\triangle AFB \sim \triangle ACE, thus
AEAF=ABAC. AE \cdot AF = AB \cdot AC.
Also, since FAB=BAC=CAE\angle FAB = \angle BAC = \angle CAE, AEAE, AFAF are isogonal with respect to BAC\angle BAC. Hence γA,ΔABC\gamma_{A,\Delta ABC} turns E,FE, F to each other and hence it turns (HEF)(HEF) and (KEF)(KEF) to each other. By the lemma, we have AOaAO_a and AWAW are isogonal with respect to angle BACBAC.

Using this similar argument, we can show that γB,ΔABC\gamma_{B,\Delta ABC} turns H,EH, E to each other, by noting that AHBECB\triangle AHB \sim \triangle ECB so BABC=BHBEBA \cdot BC = BH \cdot BE, and ABH=BAG=GBC\angle ABH = \angle BAG = \angle GBC. It also turns F,GF, G to each other since
ABF=ACB=FBC \angle ABF = \angle ACB = \angle FBC
and ABFKBC\triangle ABF \sim \triangle KBC, so BKBF=BABCBK \cdot BF = BA \cdot BC. Thus, this transformation turns (HFK)(HFK) and (EFK)(EFK) to each other, and by the lemma, BOb,BWBO_b, BW are isogonal with respect to ABC\angle ABC. Similarly, we can show that COc,CWCO_c, CW are isogonal with respect to ACB\angle ACB. Hence, AOa,BObAO_a, BO_b and COcCO_c will concur on the isogonal conjugate of WW with respect to triangle ABCABC. The proof is completed.
\square

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