Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /7 of 45

, 2008

Number theory Difficulty 5.0 AIME Prove it Slovenia

Find all integral solutions of the equation
x22+5y=7. \frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{5}{y} = 7.

Solution

If (x,y)(x, y) satisfies the equation then so does (x,y)(-x, y). We can thus limit ourselves to only non-negative values of xx.

Multiply the equation by 2y2y to get x2y+10=14yx^2y + 10 = 14y. This implies y=1014x2y = \frac{10}{14 - x^2}.

We see that 14x214 - x^2 has to be a divisor of 1010, so 1014x210-10 \leq 14 - x^2 \leq 10, 24x24-24 \leq -x^2 \leq -4 and 24x2424 \geq x^2 \geq 4. Since we have assumed that x0x \geq 0, we get 5>x25 > x \geq 2.

When x=2x = 2 we have y=1y = 1, when x=3x = 3 we have y=2y = 2 and when x=4x = 4 we have y=5y = -5.

Hence, the only integral solutions of the equation are (2,1)(2, 1), (3,2)(3, 2), (4,5)(4, -5), (2,1)(-2, 1), (3,2)(-3, 2) and (4,5)(-4, -5).

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.