Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

Convex quadrilateral MATHM A T H is given with HM/MT=3/4H M / M T = 3 / 4, and ATM=MAT=AHM=60\angle A T M = \angle M A T = \angle A H M = 60^{\circ}. NN is the midpoint of MAM A, and OO is a point on THT H such that lines MTM T, AHA H, NON O are concurrent. Find the ratio HO/OTH O / O T.

Solution

Solution:

MAT\triangle M A T is equilateral, so HM/AT=HM/MT=3/4H M / A T = H M / M T = 3 / 4. Also, AHM=ATM\angle A H M = \angle A T M, so the quadrilateral is cyclic. Now, let PP be the intersection of MTM T, AHA H, NON O. Extend MHM H and NON O to intersect at point QQ. Then by Menelaus's theorem, applied to triangle AHMA H M and line QNPQ N P, we have
HQQMMNNAAPPH=1 \frac{H Q}{Q M} \cdot \frac{M N}{N A} \cdot \frac{A P}{P H} = 1
while applying the same theorem to triangle THMT H M and line QPOQ P O gives
HQQMMPPTTOOH=1 \frac{H Q}{Q M} \cdot \frac{M P}{P T} \cdot \frac{T O}{O H} = 1
Combining gives HO/OT=(MP/PT)(AN/NM)(HP/PA)=(MP/PA)(HP/PT)H O / O T = (M P / P T) \cdot (A N / N M) \cdot (H P / P A) = (M P / P A) \cdot (H P / P T) (because AN/NM=1A N / N M = 1). But since MATHM A T H is cyclic, APTMPH\triangle A P T \sim \triangle M P H, so MP/PA=HP/PT=HM/AT=3/4M P / P A = H P / P T = H M / A T = 3 / 4, and the answer is (3/4)2=9/16(3 / 4)^2 = 9 / 16. (See figure.)

Figure 1

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.