Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2015

Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let a1,a2,,ana_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{n} be positive real numbers such that
a1+a2++an=a12+a22++an2. a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{n}=a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+\cdots+a_{n}^{2} .
Prove that
1i<jnaiaj(1aiaj)0. \sum_{1 \leq i<j \leq n} a_{i} a_{j}\left(1-a_{i} a_{j}\right) \geq 0 .

Solution

The original inequality is equivalent to
21i<jnaiaj21i<jnai2aj2, 2 \sum_{1 \leq i<j \leq n} a_{i} a_{j} \geq 2 \sum_{1 \leq i<j \leq n} a_{i}^{2} a_{j}^{2},
or
(i=1nai)2i=1nai2(i=1nai2)2i=1nai4. \left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}\right)^{2}-\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}^{2} \geq\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}^{2}\right)^{2}-\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}^{4} .
Using the given hypothesis, it can be rewritten as
a14+a24++an4a12+a22++an2. a_{1}^{4}+a_{2}^{4}+\cdots+a_{n}^{4} \geq a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+\cdots+a_{n}^{2} .
To prove this last inequality, we have from Holder's inequality
(a14+a24++an4)(a1+a2++an)2(a12+a22++an2)3. \left(a_{1}^{4}+a_{2}^{4}+\cdots+a_{n}^{4}\right)\left(a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots+a_{n}\right)^{2} \geq\left(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2}+\cdots+a_{n}^{2}\right)^{3} .
Using the given hypothesis again, we get the result.

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