A number x is chosen so that each of the sums S=sin64x+sin65x and C=cos64x+cos65x is a rational number. Prove that in one of these sums, both summands are rational.
Solutions — 2
Solution 1
Since S2+C2=2+2cosx∈Q, we have cosx∈Q and hence cos64x∈Q.
Solution 2
Заметим, что число S2+C2=(sin264x+cos264x)+(sin265x+cos265x)++2(sin64xsin65x+cos64xcos65x)==2+2cos(65x−64x)=2+2cosx рационально, сткуда cosx — также рациональное число. Ввиду формулы cos2α=2cos2α−1, все числа вида cos2kx также рациональны — в частности, cos64x. Поскольку C рационально, то и второе слагаемое в этой сумме также рационально.
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