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Geometry Difficulty 6.4 National olympiad Prove it Thailand

Let the incircle of a scalene triangle ABCABC touch the sides BCBC, CACA, ABAB at the points AA', BB', CC', respectively. Let DD be the midpoint of the arc BCB'C' that does not contain AA' (DD lies on the opposite side of AA'). If the common tangent of the incircles of triangles ACBA'CB' and ACBA'C'B (opposite to the common tangent BCBC with respect to the line joining their centers) intersects the lines ADA'D and ACA'C' at the points EE and FF respectively, show that CEFC'EF is an isosceles triangle.

Solution

Since DD is the midpoint of the arc BCB'C' and ACAC touches the incircle at BB', we see that
ABD=BAD=DAC=DBC \therefore \angle AB'D = \angle BA'D = \angle DA'C' = \angle DB'C'
Thus, BDB'D bisects ABC\angle AB'C' and similarly, DCDC' bisects BCA\angle B'C'A. Hence DD is the incenter of ABC\triangle AB'C'. By the same arguments, we can conclude that the incenters of ACBA'CB' and ABCA'BC', denoted by O1O_1 and O2O_2, are the midpoints of the arcs ABA'B' and ACA'C', respectively.
Since O1,O2,DO_1, O_2, D are the midpoints of the arcs AB,AC,BCA'B', A'C', B'C', then CO1,ADC'O_1, A'D, and BO2B'O_2 intersect at the incenter of ABC\triangle A'B'C'.
ADO1+DO1C+C1O1O2=12(ACB+BAC+ABC)=π2 \therefore \angle A'DO_1 + \angle DO_1C' + \angle C_1O_1O_2 = \frac{1}{2}(\angle A'C'B' + \angle B'A'C' + \angle A'B'C') = \frac{\pi}{2}
Thus, ADO1O2A'D \perp O_1O_2. Since AA' lies on BCBC, the common tangent of the circles O1O_1 and O2O_2, the reflection of AA' with respect to the line O1O2O_1O_2 is EE. By the reflection, EO2O1=AO2O1=O1O2B\angle EO_2O_1 = \angle A'O_2O_1 = \angle O_1O_2B'. Since EE and BB' lie on the same side with respect to O1O2O_1O_2, EE must lie on BO2B'O_2. Therefore, EE is the incenter of ABC\triangle A'B'C'.
Now, it is left to show that the common tangent is parallel to BCB'C'; this will implies that FEC=BCE=FCE\angle FEC' = \angle B'C'E = \angle FC'E. This follows from the reflection of the tangent BCBC with respect to O1O2O_1O_2 that,
FEA=EAB=ABD=ABC+CBD=ADC+BCD=EGC \angle FEA' = \angle EA'B = \angle A'B'D = \angle A'B'C' + \angle C'B'D = \angle A'DC' + \angle BC'D = \angle EGC'
where GG is the intersection of ADA'D and BCB'C'.

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