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Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National olympiad Prove it Thailand

Let Ω\Omega be the circumcircle of a triangle ABCABC. Let DD be a variable point on the arc ABAB that does not contain CC (DA,BD \neq A, B) and E,FE, F be the incenters of the triangles CADCAD and CBDCBD, respectively. Find the locus of the second intersection point of the circumcircle of DEF\triangle DEF and Ω\Omega as DD varies on the arc ABAB.

Solution

Consider the following well known Lemma:

Lemma. Let ABCABC be a triangle with incircle II. If MM is the midpoint of the arc BCBC of the circumcircle not containing AA, then MB=MC=MIMB = MC = MI.

Proof of Lemma. Let the circumcircle of DEFDEF intersect Ω\Omega again at XX. Let MM and NN be the midpoints of the arcs BCBC (not containing AA) and ACAC (not containing BB), respectively. Let PP be the intersection of Ω\Omega and the line through CC parallel to MNMN (if PP is the same as CC, i.e., AC=CBAC = CB, the results below still hold.) \square

By above Lemma and since MNCPMNCP is an isosceles trapezoid, we get MP=NC=NEMP = NC = NE and NP=MC=MFNP = MC = MF. Since EE and FF lie on DNDN and DMDM respectively, NXM=NDM=EDF=EXF\angle NXM = \angle NDM = \angle EDF = \angle EXF. Therefore, NXE=MXF\angle NXE = \angle MXF and since XNE=XND=XMD=XMF\angle XNE = \angle XND = \angle XMD = \angle XMF, we have that NXEMXF\triangle NXE \sim \triangle MXF. Then, NXNE=MXMF\frac{NX}{NE} = \frac{MX}{MF}, and since NE=MPNE = MP and MF=NPMF = NP, we get
NXNP=MXMP. NX \cdot NP = MX \cdot MP.
Therefore, [NPX][MPX]=NXNPMXMP=1\frac{[NPX]}{[MPX]} = \frac{NX \cdot NP}{MX \cdot MP} = 1. This implies that the line XPXP bisects the segment MNMN. Therefore, XX must lie on the intersection of Ω\Omega and the line joining PP and the midpoint of MNMN. Since M,N,PM, N, P are fixed independent of DD, therefore, XX is the only loci as DD varies on the arc ABAB.

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