Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 8.5 Shortlist Prove it Turkey

Two distinct circles ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 intersect at points XX and YY. Let the lines l1l_1 and l2l_2 be the common tangent lines of these circles such that l1l_1 is tangent to ω1\omega_1 at AA and ω2\omega_2 at CC and l2l_2 is tangent to ω1\omega_1 at BB and ω2\omega_2 at DD. Let ZZ be the reflection of YY with respect to l1l_1. Let BCBC and ω1\omega_1 meet at KK for the second time. Let ADAD and ω2\omega_2 meet at LL for the second time. Prove that the line tangent to ω1\omega_1 and passing through KK and the line tangent to ω2\omega_2 and passing through LL meet on the line XZXZ.

Solution

Figure 1

Let 12=P\ell_1 \cap \ell_2 = P. Since AXY=YAC\angle AXY = \angle YAC and CXY=YCA\angle CXY = \angle YCA we have AXC+AYC=180\angle AXC + \angle AYC = 180^\circ. Therefore, by symmetry, we have AZC=AYC=180AXC\angle AZC = \angle AYC = 180^\circ - \angle AXC hence A,X,C,ZA, X, C, Z are concyclic.

Now we will prove that PXPX is tangent to this circle. Let the second intersection point of the line PXPX with the circle ω1\omega_1 be QQ. Since PP is the center of the homothety sending ω1\omega_1 to ω2\omega_2, it sends AA to CC and QQ to PP. Therefore, we have AQXCAQ \parallel XC and XCA=QAP\angle XCA = \angle QAP and by the tangency we have QAP=QXA\angle QAP = \angle QXA hence XCA=PXA\angle XCA = \angle PXA which implies the desired tangency.

Since PP lies on the symmetry axis of the two circles, we have PX=PY=PZ=PAPCPX = PY = PZ = \sqrt{PA \cdot PC} and PZPZ is also tangent to the circle (AXCZ)(AXCZ). Letting XZAC=TXZ \cap AC = T, we then have that (A,C;P,T)=1(A, C; P, T) = -1. Then we have (KA,KC;KP,KT)=1(KA, KC; KP, KT) = -1. Let the second intersection of PKPK and ω1\omega_1 be SS. Then by carrying this harmonic bundle to the circle ω1\omega_1 we see that (A,B;S,KTω1)=1(A, B; S, KT \cap \omega_1) = -1. On the other hand, we know that (A,B;S,K)=1(A, B; S, K) = -1 hence KTKT is the tangent to ω1\omega_1 at KK.

Similarly we can prove that LTLT is the line passing through LL and tangent to ω2\omega_2, hence the proof is completed.

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