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Geometry Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it Saudi Arabia

Let ABCABC be a non-isosceles triangle with circumcenter OO, incenter II, and orthocenter HH. Prove that angle OIH^\widehat{OIH} is obtuse.

Solution

Recall some preliminary facts. The nine-point circle of a triangle ABCABC passes through the midpoints of the sides, the midpoints of the segments joining its vertices to the orthocenter HH and the pedal point (i.e., the feet of its altitudes to the sides). Its center is the midpoint O9O_{9} of the segment joining the circumcenter OO and the orthocenter HH of the triangle. Its radius 12R\frac{1}{2} R is equal to half the circumradius RR of the triangle ABCABC and it touches internally the incircle with radius rr (as well as all three excircles). The square of the length of the segment OIOI is
OI2=R22Rr=R(R2r). |OI|^{2}=R^{2}-2Rr=R(R-2r).
Figure 1
Also, it is clear that O9I=12RrO_{9}I=\frac{1}{2}R-r.
Let MM be the symmetric point of OO with respect to II. It follows that
HM=2O9I=2(12Rr)=R2r. HM=2O_{9}I=2\left(\frac{1}{2}R-r\right)=R-2r.
Since
IM=OI=R(R2r)>R2r=HM, IM=OI=\sqrt{R(R-2r)}>R-2r=HM,
we get that IHM^>MIH^\widehat{IH M}>\widehat{MIH}. Hence MIH^<90\widehat{MIH}<90^{\circ}, so that OIH^>90\widehat{OIH}>90^{\circ}.

Figure 1

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