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Number theory Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it United States

Problem:

For which prime numbers pp is p2+2p^{2}+2 also prime? Prove your answer.

Solution

Solution:

The answer is p=3p=3. This indeed works, since 32+2=113^{2}+2=11.

Consider any other prime number p3p \neq 3. Then it follows that p21(mod3)p^{2} \equiv 1 \pmod{3}; i.e. that pp leaves remainder 11 or 22 when divided by 33. Consequently, p2+2p^{2}+2 is divisible by 33. Since p2p \geq 2, we have p2+27p^{2}+2 \geq 7 as well, thus p2+2p^{2}+2 cannot be prime in this case.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.