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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National Olympiad Prove it JBMO

Problem:

Let ABCABC be a triangle and let ω\omega be its circumcircle. Let B\ell_{B} and C\ell_{C} be two parallel lines passing through BB and CC respectively. The lines B\ell_{B} and C\ell_{C} intersect with ω\omega for the second time at the points DD and EE respectively, with DD belonging on the arc ABAB, and EE on the arc ACAC. Suppose that DADA intersects C\ell_{C} at FF, and EAEA intersects B\ell_{B} at GG. If O,O1O, O_{1} and O2O_{2} are the circumcenters of the triangles ABC,ADGABC, ADG and AEFAEF respectively, and PP is the center of the circumcircle of the triangle OO1O2OO_{1}O_{2}, prove that OPOP is parallel to B\ell_{B} and C\ell_{C}.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:

We write ω1,ω2\omega_{1}, \omega_{2} and ω\omega' for the circumcircles of AGD,AEFAGD, AEF and OO1O2OO_{1}O_{2} respectively. Since O1O_{1} and O2O_{2} are the centers of ω1\omega_{1} and ω2\omega_{2}, and because DGDG and EFEF are parallel, we get that
GAO1=90GO1A2=90GDA=90EFA=90EO2A2=EAO2 \angle GAO_{1} = 90^{\circ} - \frac{\angle GO_{1}A}{2} = 90^{\circ} - \angle GDA = 90^{\circ} - \angle EFA = 90^{\circ} - \frac{\angle EO_{2}A}{2} = \angle EAO_{2}
So, because G,AG, A and EE are collinear, we come to the conclusion that O1,AO_{1}, A and O2O_{2} are also collinear.

Let DFE=φ\angle DFE = \varphi. Then, as a central angle AO2E=2φ\angle AO_{2}E = 2\varphi. Because AEAE is a common chord of both ω\omega and ω2\omega_{2}, the line OO2OO_{2} that passes through their centers bisects AO2E\angle AO_{2}E, thus AO2O=φ\angle AO_{2}O = \varphi. By the collinearity of O1,A,O2O_{1}, A, O_{2}, we get that O1O2O=AO2O=φ\angle O_{1}O_{2}O = \angle AO_{2}O = \varphi. As a central angle in ω\omega', we have O1PO=2φ\angle O_{1}PO = 2\varphi, so POP1=90φ\angle POP_{1} = 90^{\circ} - \varphi. Let QQ be the point of intersection of DFDF and OPOP. Because ADAD is a common chord of ω\omega and ω1\omega_{1}, we have that OO1OO_{1} is perpendicular to DADA and so DQP=90POP1=φ\angle DQP = 90^{\circ} - \angle POP_{1} = \varphi. Thus, OPOP is parallel to C\ell_{C} and so to B\ell_{B} as well.

Figure 1

Alternative Solution by PSC.

Let us write α,β,γ\alpha, \beta, \gamma for the angles of ABCABC. Since ADBCADBC is cyclic, we have GDA=180BDA=γ\angle GDA = 180^{\circ} - \angle BDA = \gamma. Similarly, we have
GAD=180DAE=EBD=BEC=BAC=α \angle GAD = 180^{\circ} - \angle DAE = \angle EBD = \angle BEC = \angle BAC = \alpha
where we have also used the fact that B\ell_{B} and C\ell_{C} are parallel.
Thus, the triangles ABCABC and AGDAGD are similar. Analogously, AEFAEF is also similar to them.

Since ADAD is a common chord of ω\omega and ω1\omega_{1} then ADAD is perpendicular to OO1OO_{1}. Thus,
OO1A=12DO1A=DGA=β \angle OO_{1}A = \frac{1}{2} \angle DO_{1}A = \angle DGA = \beta
Similarly, we have OO2A=γ\angle OO_{2}A = \gamma. Since O1,A,O2O_{1}, A, O_{2} are collinear (as in the first solution) we get that OO1O2OO_{1}O_{2} is also similar to ABCABC. Their circumcentres are PP and OO respectively, thus POO1=OAB=90γ\angle POO_{1} = \angle OAB = 90^{\circ} - \gamma.
Since OO1OO_{1} is perpendicular to ADAD, letting XX be the point of intersection of OO1OO_{1} with GDGD, we get that DXO1=90γ\angle DXO_{1} = 90^{\circ} - \gamma. Thus OPOP is parallel to B\ell_{B} and therefore to C\ell_{C} as well.

Solution 2

Solution:

Let LL and ZZ be the points of intersection of OO1OO_{1} with b\ell_{b} and DADA respectively. Since LZLZ is perpendicular on DADA, and since b\ell_{b} is parallel to c\ell_{c}, then
DLO=90LDZ=90DFE=90AFE \angle DLO = 90^{\circ} - \angle LDZ = 90^{\circ} - \angle DFE = 90^{\circ} - \angle AFE
Since AEAE is a common chord of ω\omega and ω2\omega_{2}, then it is perpendicular to OO2OO_{2}. So letting HH be their point of intersection, we get
DLO=90AFE=90AO2H=O2AH \angle DLO = 90^{\circ} - \angle AFE = 90^{\circ} - \angle AO_{2}H = \angle O_{2}AH
Let K,Y,UK, Y, U be the projections of PP onto OO2,O1O2OO_{2}, O_{1}O_{2} and OO1OO_{1} respectively. Then YKUO1YKUO_{1} is a parallelogram and so the extensions of PYPY and PUPU meet the segments UKUK and KYKY at points X,VX, V such that YXKUYX \perp KU and UVKYUV \perp KY.
Since the points O1,A,O2O_{1}, A, O_{2} are collinear, we have
FAO2=O1AZ=90AO1Z=90YKU=PUK=POK=POK \angle FAO_{2} = O_{1}AZ = 90^{\circ} - \angle AO_{1}Z = 90^{\circ} - \angle YKU = \angle PUK = \angle POK = \angle POK
where the last equality follows since PUOKPUOK is cyclic.
Since AZOHAZOH is also cyclic, we have FAH=O1OO2\angle FAH = \angle O_{1}OO_{2}. From this, together with (1) and (2) we get
DLO=O2AH=FAHFAO2=O1OO2POK=UOP=LOP \angle DLO = \angle O_{2}AH = \angle FAH - \angle FAO_{2} = \angle O_{1}OO_{2} - \angle POK = \angle UOP = \angle LOP
Therefore OPOP is parallel to B\ell_{B} and C\ell_{C}.

Figure 2

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