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Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National Olympiad Prove it JBMO

Problem:
Let ABCABC be a right-angled triangle with A^=90\hat{A}=90^{\circ} and B^=30\hat{B}=30^{\circ}. The perpendicular at the midpoint MM of BCBC meets the bisector BKBK of the angle B^\hat{B} at the point EE. The perpendicular bisector of EKEK meets ABAB at DD. Prove that KDKD is perpendicular to DEDE.

Solution

Solution:
Let II be the incenter of ABCABC and let ZZ be the foot of the perpendicular from KK on ECEC. Since KBKB is the bisector of B^\hat{B}, then EBC=15\angle EBC=15^{\circ} and since EMEM is the perpendicular bisector of BCBC, then ECB=EBC=15\angle ECB=\angle EBC=15^{\circ}. Therefore KEC=30\angle KEC=30^{\circ}. Moreover, ECK=6015=45\angle ECK=60^{\circ}-15^{\circ}=45^{\circ}. This means that KZCKZC is isosceles and thus ZZ is on the perpendicular bisector of KCKC.
Since KIC\angle KIC is the external angle of triangle IBCIBC, and II is the incenter of triangle ABCABC, then KIC=15+30=45\angle KIC=15^{\circ}+30^{\circ}=45^{\circ}. Thus, KIC=KZC2\angle KIC=\frac{\angle KZC}{2}. Since also ZZ is on the perpendicular bisector of KCKC, then ZZ is the circumcenter of IKCIKC. This means that ZK=ZI=ZCZK=ZI=ZC. Since also EKZ=60\angle EKZ=60^{\circ}, then the triangle ZKIZKI is equilateral. Moreover, since KEZ=30\angle KEZ=30^{\circ}, we have that ZK=EK2ZK=\frac{EK}{2}, so ZK=IK=IEZK=IK=IE.
Therefore DIDI is perpendicular to EKEK and this means that DIKADIKA is cyclic. So KDI=IAK=45\angle KDI=\angle IAK=45^{\circ} and IKD=IAD=45\angle IKD=\angle IAD=45^{\circ}. Thus ID=IK=IEID=IK=IE and so KDKD is perpendicular to DEDE as required.

Figure 1

Alternative Solution by PSC.
Let PP be the point of intersection of EMEM with ACAC. The triangles ABCABC and MPCMPC are equal since they have equal angles and MC=BC2=ACMC=\frac{BC}{2}=AC. They also share the angle C^\hat{C}, so they must have identical incenter.
Let II be the midpoint of EKEK. We have PEI=BEM=75=EKP\angle PEI=\angle BEM=75^{\circ}=\angle EKP. So the triangle PEKPEK is isosceles and therefore PIPI is a bisector of CPM\angle CPM. So the incenter of MPCMPC belongs on PIPI. Since it shares the same incenter with ABCABC, then II is the common incenter. We can now finish the proof as in the first solution.

Figure 2

Alternative Solution by PSC.
Let PP be the point of intersection of EMEM with ACAC and let II be the midpoint of EKEK. Then the triangle PBCPBC is equilateral. We also have PEI=BEM=75\angle PEI=\angle BEM=75^{\circ} and PKE=75\angle PKE=75^{\circ}, so PEKPEK is isosceles. We also have PIEKPI \perp EK and DIEKDI \perp EK, so the points P,D,IP, D, I are collinear.
Furthermore, PBI=BPI=45\angle PBI=\angle BPI=45^{\circ}, and therefore BI=PIBI=PI.
We have DPA=BEM=15\angle DPA=\angle BEM=15^{\circ} and also BM=AB2=AC=PABM=\frac{AB}{2}=AC=PA. So the right-angled triangles PDAPDA and BEMBEM are equal. Thus PD=BEPD=BE.
So
EI=BIBE=PIPD=DI EI=BI-BE=PI-PD=DI
Therefore DEI=IDE=45\angle DEI=\angle IDE=45^{\circ}. Since DE=DKDE=DK, we also have DEI=DKI=KDI=45\angle DEI=\angle DKI=\angle KDI=45^{\circ}. So finally, EDK=90\angle EDK=90^{\circ}.

Coordinate Geometry Solution by PSC.
We may assume that A=(0,0),B=(0,3)A=(0,0), B=(0, \sqrt{3}) and C=(1,0)C=(1,0). Since mBC=3m_{BC}=-\sqrt{3}, then mEM=33m_{EM}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}. Since also M=(12,32)M=\left(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right), then the equation of EMEM is y=33x+33y=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} x+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}. The slope of BKBK is
mBK=tan(105)=tan(60)+tan(45)1tan(60)tan(45)=(2+3) m_{BK}=\tan \left(105^{\circ}\right)=\frac{\tan \left(60^{\circ}\right)+\tan \left(45^{\circ}\right)}{1-\tan \left(60^{\circ}\right) \tan \left(45^{\circ}\right)}=-(2+\sqrt{3})
So the equation of BKBK is y=(2+3)x+3y=-(2+\sqrt{3}) x+\sqrt{3} which gives K=(233,0)K=(2 \sqrt{3}-3,0) and E=(23,31)E=(2-\sqrt{3}, \sqrt{3}-1). Letting II be the midpoint of EKEK we get I=(312,312)I=\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}, \frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right). Thus II is equidistant from the sides AB,ACAB, AC, so AIAI is the bisector of A^\hat{A}, and thus II is the incenter of triangle ABCABC. We can now finish the proof as in the first solution.

Metric Solution by PSC.
We can assume that AC=1AC=1. Then AB=3AB=\sqrt{3} and BC=2BC=2. So BM=MC=1BM=MC=1. From triangle BEMBEM we get BE=EC=sec(15)BE=EC=\sec \left(15^{\circ}\right) and EM=tan(15)EM=\tan \left(15^{\circ}\right). From triangle BAKBAK we get BK=3sec(15)BK=\sqrt{3} \sec \left(15^{\circ}\right). So EK=BKBE=(31)sec(15)EK=BK-BE=(\sqrt{3}-1) \sec \left(15^{\circ}\right). Thus, if NN is the midpoint of EKEK, then EN=NK=312sec(15)EN=NK=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2} \sec \left(15^{\circ}\right) and BN=BE+EN=3+12sec(15)BN=BE+EN=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2} \sec \left(15^{\circ}\right). From triangle BDNBDN we get DN=BNtan(15)=3+12tan(15)sec(15)DN=BN \tan \left(15^{\circ}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2} \tan \left(15^{\circ}\right) \sec \left(15^{\circ}\right). It is easy to check that tan(15)=23\tan \left(15^{\circ}\right)=2-\sqrt{3}. Thus DN=312sec(15)=ENDN=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2} \sec \left(15^{\circ}\right)=EN. So DN=EN=EKDN=EN=EK and therefore EDN=KDN=45\angle EDN=\angle KDN=45^{\circ} and KDE=90\angle KDE=90^{\circ} as required.

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