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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it Philippines

Problem:

In triangle ABCA B C with ABC=60\angle A B C=60^{\circ} and 5AB=4BC5 A B=4 B C, points DD and EE are the feet of the altitudes from BB and CC, respectively. MM is the midpoint of BDB D and the circumcircle of triangle BMCB M C meets line ACA C again at NN. Lines BNB N and CMC M meet at PP. Prove that EDP=90\angle E D P=90^{\circ}.

Solution

Solution:

From the given, AB=4lA B=4 l and BC=5lB C=5 l for some constant l>0l>0. Since ABC=60\angle A B C=60^{\circ}, BE=5l2B E=\frac{5 l}{2} and CE=53l2C E=\frac{5 \sqrt{3} l}{2}. Also, by the cosine law, AC=21A C=\sqrt{21}. Since BEDCB E D C is cyclic, EDA=ABC=60\angle E D A=\angle A B C=60^{\circ}. Consequently, EDB=30\angle E D B=30^{\circ} and AEDACB\triangle A E D \sim \triangle A C B. From the latter, AD=4kA D=4 k, DE=5kD E=5 k, and AE=21kA E=\sqrt{21} k for some constant k>0k>0. Since 4l=AB=BE+AE=5l2+21k4 l=A B=B E+A E=\frac{5 l}{2}+\sqrt{21} k, then lk=2213\frac{l}{k}=\frac{2 \sqrt{21}}{3}.

Figure 1

The area of ABC\triangle A B C equals
12sin604l5l=1221l2BM \frac{1}{2} \sin 60^{\circ} \cdot 4 l \cdot 5 l=\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{21} l \cdot 2 B M
which gives BM=5l7B M=\frac{5 l}{\sqrt{7}}. Observe that
CEDE=53l/25k=3l2k=322213=7=5l5l/7=CBMB \frac{C E}{D E}=\frac{5 \sqrt{3} l / 2}{5 k}=\frac{\sqrt{3} l}{2 k}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \cdot \frac{2 \sqrt{21}}{3}=\sqrt{7}=\frac{5 l}{5 l / \sqrt{7}}=\frac{C B}{M B}
This, along with MBC=DBC=DEC\angle M B C=\angle D B C=\angle D E C, implies that DECMBC\triangle D E C \sim \triangle M B C, so ECD=BCM\angle E C D=\angle B C M and thus, MCD=BCE=30\angle M C D=\angle B C E=30^{\circ}. As BMNCB M N C is cyclic, MBN=30\angle M B N=30^{\circ} so that lines EDE D and BNB N are parallel. We have DMC=60\angle D M C=60^{\circ} so that BPM=30\angle B P M=30^{\circ}. Thus, BMP\triangle B M P is isosceles with BM=MPB M=M P and it follows that MM is the circumcenter of BPD\triangle B P D. Therefore, BPD=90\angle B P D=90^{\circ}. It follows that EDP=90\angle E D P=90^{\circ}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.