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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National Olympiad Prove it Philippines

Problem:

The lengths of the two legs of a right triangle are in the ratio of 7:247:24. The distance between its incenter and its circumcenter is 11. Find its area. (Recall that the incenter of a triangle is the center of its inscribed circle and the circumcenter is the center of its circumscribing circle.)

Solution

Solution:

Let the legs of the right triangle be 7x7x and 24x24x. The hypotenuse is then c=(7x)2+(24x)2=49x2+576x2=625x2=25xc = \sqrt{(7x)^2 + (24x)^2} = \sqrt{49x^2 + 576x^2} = \sqrt{625x^2} = 25x.

Let AA, BB, CC be the vertices of the triangle, with right angle at AA. Let AB=7xAB = 7x, AC=24xAC = 24x, BC=25xBC = 25x.

The incenter II and circumcenter OO of a right triangle are separated by a distance OI=R(R2r)OI = \sqrt{R(R - 2r)}, where RR is the circumradius and rr is the inradius.

First, compute RR and rr:

- The circumradius RR of a right triangle is half the hypotenuse: R=25x2R = \dfrac{25x}{2}.
- The inradius rr is r=a+bc2r = \dfrac{a + b - c}{2}, where aa and bb are the legs, cc is the hypotenuse.

So,
r=7x+24x25x2=6x2=3x. r = \frac{7x + 24x - 25x}{2} = \frac{6x}{2} = 3x.

Given OI=1OI = 1:
OI=R(R2r)=1 OI = \sqrt{R(R - 2r)} = 1
Plug in RR and rr:
25x2(25x223x)=1 \sqrt{\frac{25x}{2}\left(\frac{25x}{2} - 2 \cdot 3x\right)} = 1
25x2(25x26x)=1 \sqrt{\frac{25x}{2}\left(\frac{25x}{2} - 6x\right)} = 1
25x26x=25x12x2=13x2 \frac{25x}{2} - 6x = \frac{25x - 12x}{2} = \frac{13x}{2}
So,
25x213x2=1 \sqrt{\frac{25x}{2} \cdot \frac{13x}{2}} = 1
325x24=1 \sqrt{\frac{325x^2}{4}} = 1
325x2=1 \frac{\sqrt{325}x}{2} = 1
x=2325=2513 x = \frac{2}{\sqrt{325}} = \frac{2}{5\sqrt{13}}

The area AA of the triangle is:
A=127x24x=12168x2=84x2 A = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 7x \cdot 24x = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 168x^2 = 84x^2
Plug in xx:
A=84(2325)2=844325=336325 A = 84 \left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{325}}\right)^2 = 84 \cdot \frac{4}{325} = \frac{336}{325}

Final Answer:

The area of the triangle is 336325\boxed{\dfrac{336}{325}}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.