Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.0 AIME, harder Prove it Hong Kong

Suppose there are 4n4n line segments of unit length inside a circle of radius nn. Furthermore, a straight line LL is given. Prove that there exists a straight line LL' that is either parallel or perpendicular to LL and that LL' cuts at least two of the given line segments.

Solution

Let ABAB and CDCD be the diameters of the circle which are parallel and perpendicular to LL respectively. Let PiQiP_iQ_i be the projection of each segment on ABAB, and let XiYiX_iY_i be the projection of each segment on CDCD. Note that PiQi+XiYi1P_iQ_i + X_iY_i \ge 1. Therefore, we have
j=14nPiQi+j=14nXiYi=j=14n(PiQj+XiYj)4n=AB+CD. \sum_{j=1}^{4n} P_iQ_i + \sum_{j=1}^{4n} X_iY_i = \sum_{j=1}^{4n} (P_iQ_j + X_iY_j) \ge 4n = AB + CD.
WLOG assume j=14nPiQiAB\sum_{j=1}^{4n} P_iQ_i \ge AB. As all the segments PiQiP_iQ_i lie strictly inside the segment ABAB, two of these segments PiQiP_iQ_i and PjQjP_jQ_j must overlap. Let EE be a point lying on both of them. Then the line passing through EE and perpendicular to ABAB intersects two unit segments whose projections are PiQiP_iQ_i and PjQjP_jQ_j. This completes the proof.

Figure 1

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.