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Geometry Difficulty 8.9 Shortlist Prove it Vietnam

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral with B<A<90\angle B < \angle A < 90^\circ. Let II be the midpoint of ABAB and SS the intersection of ADAD and BCBC. Let RR be a variable point inside the triangle SABSAB such that ASR=BSR\angle ASR = \angle BSR. On the lines AR,BRAR, BR, take the points E,FE, F, respectively so that BE,AFBE, AF are parallel to RSRS. Suppose that EFEF intersects the circumcircle of triangle SABSAB at points H,KH, K. On the segment ABAB, take points M,NM, N such that AHM=BHI,BKN=AKI\angle AHM = \angle BHI, \angle BKN = \angle AKI.

a) Prove that the center JJ of the circumcircle of triangle SMNSMN lies on a fixed line.

b) On BE,AFBE, AF, take the points P,QP, Q respectively so that CPCP is parallel to SESE and DQDQ is parallel to SFSF. The lines SE,SFSE, SF intersect the circumcircle of SABSAB, respectively, at U,VU, V. Let GG be the intersection of AUAU and BVBV. Prove that the median of vertex GG of the triangle GPQGPQ always passes through a fixed point.

Solution

a) We will prove that SMSM and SNSN are isogonal in ASB\angle ASB, since (SMN)(SMN) touches (SAB)(SAB) and JJ belongs to the line connecting SS and the center of (SAB)(SAB). Indeed, according to Steiner's theorem for pairs of isogonals, we need to show that
MAMBNANB=SA2SB2. \frac{MA}{MB} \cdot \frac{NA}{NB} = \frac{SA^2}{SB^2}.
On the other hand, since HMHM and KNKN are symmedian of triangles HABHAB and KABKAB, let ZZ be the intersection of HKHK with ABAB. The left hand side of the above equation can be calculated by
MAMBNANB=HA2HB2KA2KB2=ZA2ZB2=AF2BE2. \frac{MA}{MB} \cdot \frac{NA}{NB} = \frac{HA^2}{HB^2} \cdot \frac{KA^2}{KB^2} = \frac{ZA^2}{ZB^2} = \frac{AF^2}{BE^2}.
Next, suppose that SR,AR,BRSR, AR, BR meet AB,RB,RAAB, RB, RA at R,F,ER', F', E' respectively. According to Thales's theorem and Ceva's theorem, we have
AFBE=AFSRSRBE=AFSFBESE=ARBR=SASB. \frac{AF}{BE} = \frac{AF}{SR} \cdot \frac{SR}{BE} = \frac{AF'}{SF'} \cdot \frac{BE'}{SE'} = \frac{AR'}{BR'} = \frac{SA}{SB}.
In short, we get
MAMBNANB=AF2BE2=SA2SB2. \frac{MA}{MB} \cdot \frac{NA}{NB} = \frac{AF^2}{BE^2} = \frac{SA^2}{SB^2}.
so SM,SNSM, SN is isogonal in ASB\angle ASB and the center of (SMN)(SMN) lies on the fixed line.

b) By the lemma in Problem 3, SESE and SFSF are isogonal with respect to ASB\angle ASB. We will prove that the median at GG of the triangle GPQGPQ passing through the fixed point LL is the midpoint of the arc CDCD that does not contain SS of (SCD)(SCD). Rewriting the problem in a more compact form as follows:
Let SABSAB be a triangle with II is the midpoint ABAB, any two points C,DC, D on SB,SASB, SA. Two points U,VU, V belong to the circumcircle of triangle SABSAB such that SU,SVSU, SV is isogonal in ASB\angle ASB and GG is the intersection of AUAU with BVBV. Let dd be the angle bisector ASB\angle ASB, on the line through BB and AA parallel to dd, take the points PP and QQ satisfying CPSUCP \parallel SU, and DQSVDQ \parallel SV. Let TT be the midpoint of PQPQ. Prove that GTGT passes through the midpoint LL of arc CDCD that does not contain SS of the circumcircle of triangle SCDSCD.
Let KK be the second intersection of SLSL and the circumcircle of triangle SABSAB, let JJ be the second intersection of the circumcircle of triangle SCDSCD with the circumcircle of triangle SABSAB. It is easy to see that TITI is the midline of the trapezoid AQPBAQPB, so TIAQSLTI \parallel AQ \parallel SL. Therefore, by Thales's theorem, we only need to prove that
TILK=GIGK. \frac{TI}{LK} = \frac{GI}{GK}.

Figure 1

First of all, we have
GIGK=GIGAGAGK=sinGKAsinGAKsinGAI=sinUABsinUAKsinGKA=UBUKsinGKA. \begin{aligned} \frac{GI}{GK} &= \frac{GI}{GA} \cdot \frac{GA}{GK} = \frac{\sin GKA}{\sin GAK} \cdot \sin GAI \\ &= \frac{\sin UAB}{\sin UAK} \cdot \sin GKA = \frac{UB}{UK} \cdot \sin GKA. \end{aligned}
On the other hand, since
QAD=KSA=AVK and QDA=VSA=VKA \angle QAD = \angle KSA = \angle AVK \text{ and } \angle QDA = \angle VSA = \angle VKA
then BUK=AVKQAD\triangle BUK = \triangle AVK \sim \triangle QAD and similarly they are similar to PBC\triangle PBC. On the other hand, by the rotation predicate we have
SADSKLSBC. \triangle SAD \sim \triangle SKL \sim \triangle SBC.
From the above pairs of similar triangles, we have the ratio transformation
UBUK=AQAD=BPBC=AQ+BPAD+BC. \frac{UB}{UK} = \frac{AQ}{AD} = \frac{BP}{BC} = \frac{AQ + BP}{AD + BC}.
Finally, since AQ+BP=2LKAQ + BP = 2LK, according to the property of the midline of the trapezoid and the Ptolemy's theorem,
KA(JA+JB)=JKAB KA(JA + JB) = JK \cdot AB
so we get the following
TILK=AQ+BP2LK=AD+BC2LKUBUK=JA+JB2JKUBUK=AB2KAUBUK=UBUKsinGKA=GIGK. \begin{align*} \frac{TI}{LK} &= \frac{AQ + BP}{2LK} \\ &= \frac{AD + BC}{2LK} \cdot \frac{UB}{UK} \\ &= \frac{JA + JB}{2JK} \cdot \frac{UB}{UK} \\ &= \frac{AB}{2KA} \cdot \frac{UB}{UK} \\ &= \frac{UB}{UK} \cdot \sin GKA \\ &= \frac{GI}{GK}. \end{align*}
So the equality is proved and GTGT passes through LL. Therefore, the median of vertex GG in triangle GPQGPQ passes through the midpoint of arc CDCD which does not contain SS of the circumcircle of triangle SCDSCD, which is a fixed point. \square

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