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Geometry Difficulty 8.8 Shortlist Prove it Vietnam

Let ABCABC be an acute, non-isosceles triangle with circumcircle (O)(O). BEBE, CFCF are the heights of ABC\triangle ABC, and BEBE, CFCF intersect at HH. Let MM be the midpoint of AHAH, and KK be the point on EFEF such that HKHK is perpendicular to EFEF. A line not going through AA and parallel to BCBC intersects the minor arcs ABAB and ACAC of (O)(O) at PP, QQ, respectively. Show that the tangent line of the circumcircle of CQECQE at EE, the tangent line of the circumcircle of BPFBPF at FF, and MKMK concur.

Solution

We state the following familiar lemma:
LEMMA. Given triangle ABCABC and two points X,YX, Y. Suppose BXBX cuts CYCY at ZZ and BYBY cuts CXCX at TT. Then if AXAX and AYAY are congruent in BAC\angle BAC then so are AZAZ and ATAT.

We first reduce the problem to a simpler form through pairs of similar triangles. Let DD be the projection of HH on BCBC. It is easy to see that
MFEUKOBCUD \triangle MFE^{UK} \sim \triangle OBC^{UD}
so we think of constructing triangle TBCTBC similar to triangle RFERFE where RERE and RFRF are tangent to (PBF)(PBF) and (QCE)(QCE).

Let X,YX, Y be the intersection of APAP and AQAQ with EFEF. Firstly
XPF=90OAX=PBF \angle XPF = 90^\circ - \angle OAX = \angle PBF
infer XX is on (BPF)(BPF) or
RFE=BXA and REF=YCA. \angle RFE = \angle BXA \text{ and } \angle REF = \angle YCA.

Figure 1

Therefore, if TBCRFE\triangle TBC \sim \triangle RFE then BTBT, BXBX is isogonal in ABC\triangle ABC and CYCY, CTCT is isogonal in ACB\triangle ACB. In short, if SS is the intersection of BXBX and CYCY, then SS, TT is isogonal conjugate in triangle ABCABC.

Let LL be the intersection of BYBY with CXCX and JJ the isogonal conjugate of LL in triangle ABCABC. We will prove that OO and DD lie on JTJT. Indeed,
B(JT,OC)=B(LS,HA)=(YX,EF)=C(YX,EF)=C(XY,FE)=C(LS,HA)=C(JT,OB) \begin{aligned} B(JT, OC) &= B(LS, HA) = (YX, EF) = C(YX, EF) \\ &= C(XY, FE) = C(LS, HA) = C(JT, OB) \end{aligned}
so JJ, OO, TT are collinear.

Figure 2

Next, since AXAX and AYAY are isogonal in BAC\angle BAC, according to the lemma, ASAS, ALAL isogonal in BAC\angle BAC leads to AA, LL, TT and AA, JJ, SS are collinear. Furthermore, in the complete quadrilateral BLSC.XYBLSC.XY, if XYXY intersects BCBC at DD' then
L(CB,SD)=1=L(CB,DD), L(CB, SD') = -1 = L(CB, DD'),
in other words, SLSL goes through DD. Finally, to prove that JTJT, SLSL and BCBC are concurrent, we use Desargues' theorem for the pair of triangles BLTBLT and CSJCSJ. Since BTBT, BXBX and CJCJ, CXCX are isogonal pairs in triangle ABCABC, the intersection ZZ of BTBT and CJCJ is the isogonal conjugate of XX in the triangle ABCABC, thus ZZ is on AYAY. Therefore, the intersection of (BT,CJ)(BT, CJ), (BL,CS)(BL, CS) and (TL,JS)(TL, JS) are collinear or JTJT passes through the point DD.

Therefore, TT belongs to ODOD so RR belongs to MKMK. This finishes the proof. \Box

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