Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.6 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Germany

Problem:

Let ABCDABCD be a rhombus with an acute angle at AA. Let the points MM and NN lie on the segments ACAC and BCBC such that DM=MN|DM| = |MN|. Furthermore, let PP be the intersection point of ACAC and DNDN and RR the intersection point of ABAB and DMDM. Prove that RP=PD|RP| = |PD|.

Solution

Solution:

The case N=BN = B shall be excluded in what follows. Then DNDN is not orthogonal to ACAC, and MM is uniquely characterized as the intersection point of the perpendicular bisector of DNDN with ACAC. In the triangle DNCDNC, ACAC is the angle bisector at CC, and in every triangle the angle bisector and the perpendicular bisector of the opposite side intersect on the corresponding circumcircle arc, so DMNCDMNC is a cyclic quadrilateral; in particular MDN = MCN\text{MDN = MCN}. Now MDN = RDP\text{MDN = RDP} and MCN = ACB = BAC = RAP\text{MCN = ACB = BAC = RAP}, so by the inscribed angle theorem ARPDARPD is also a cyclic quadrilateral. In its circumcircle, because of RAP = BAC = CAD = PAD\text{RAP = BAC = CAD = PAD}, the chords RPRP and PDPD are of equal length (law of sines or inscribed angle theorem).

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from de; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.