Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.7 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Germany

Problem:

Let AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, FF be points on a circle with AEBDA E \| B D and BCDFB C \| D F. Let the point DD be reflected in the line CEC E to give the point XX. Show that XX is as far from the line EFE F as BB is from ACA C.

Solution

Solution:

All angles occurring in what follows are to be understood as oriented and modulo 180180^{\circ}; this makes it unnecessary to consider the relative position of the points involved. The feet of the perpendiculars from BB, XX onto ACA C, EFE F shall be denoted by PP, QQ.

Strategy. Show the congruence of the triangles ABPA B P, EXQE X Q. ()(*)

From this BP=XQB P = X Q will immediately follow, and hence the claim. The proof of ()(*) itself is carried out by means of a well-known congruence criterion in three steps.

I. Since B P A E Q X 90\text{B P A E Q X 90}, both triangles are right-angled.

II. Since AEBDA E \| B D, the cyclic quadrilateral ABDEA B D E is an isosceles trapezoid and hence AB=DEA B = D E. Furthermore DE=XED E = X E by the construction of XX, and therefore AB=XEA B = X E, i.e. the hypotenuses agree.

III. As before we conclude from BCDFB C \| D F that BCDFB C D F is likewise an isosceles trapezoid. By repeated use of the inscribed angle theorem we now obtain D E C + C A B D A C + C A B D A B D F B C D F C E F C E X + X E F\text{D E C + C A B D A C + C A B D A B D F B C D F C E F C E X + X E F}. Since D E C C E X\text{D E C C E X}, it follows that C A B X E F\text{C A B X E F}, or - stated differently - P A B X E Q\text{P A B X E Q}.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from de; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.