Problem:
Let , , , , , be points on a circle with and . Let the point be reflected in the line to give the point . Show that is as far from the line as is from .
Problem:
Let , , , , , be points on a circle with and . Let the point be reflected in the line to give the point . Show that is as far from the line as is from .
Solution:
All angles occurring in what follows are to be understood as oriented and modulo ; this makes it unnecessary to consider the relative position of the points involved. The feet of the perpendiculars from , onto , shall be denoted by , .
Strategy. Show the congruence of the triangles , .
From this will immediately follow, and hence the claim. The proof of itself is carried out by means of a well-known congruence criterion in three steps.
I. Since , both triangles are right-angled.
II. Since , the cyclic quadrilateral is an isosceles trapezoid and hence . Furthermore by the construction of , and therefore , i.e. the hypotenuses agree.
III. As before we conclude from that is likewise an isosceles trapezoid. By repeated use of the inscribed angle theorem we now obtain . Since , it follows that , or - stated differently - .